Energy provides support for the development of the country and therefore becomes a core issue of low-carbon development. In order to realize the binding index of 16% reduction in energy consumption per unit GDP of the 12th Five-Year Plan and 17% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, China needs to take active actions to control total energy consumption and gradually realize the transformation of energy development. In the process, promote and realize low-carbon development.
According to the National Energy Administration, China's total primary energy consumption in 2009 was 3.066 billion tons of standard coal, and in 2010 it exceeded 3.2 billion tons of standard coal. The reasons for the rapid growth in total energy consumption in China are still on the rapid development stage of industrialization and urbanization. On the other hand, the situation is faced with a large population, lack of resources, environmental pressure, and arduous tasks in dealing with climate change. Maintaining high-speed economic growth with a large base of energy consumption will inevitably be severely constrained by the bottlenecks of the environment and resources. Contradictions are prominent and the situation is severe.
In order to achieve sustainable development of the country, reasonable control of energy consumption has been included in the government's attention and relevant policies have been considered for follow-up. National Energy Director Liu Tienan pointed out at the national rural energy work conference held in July: China's total energy consumption already accounts for 20% of the world total in 2010, but GDP is less than 10% of the world; China's per capita energy consumption and the world average Generally similar, but per capita GDP is only 50% of the world average; China's total GDP is roughly the same as Japan, but the total energy consumption is 4.7 times that of Japan; China's total energy consumption has exceeded the United States, but the total economic output Only 37% of the United States. This gap in unit energy consumption reflects the industrial structure, innovation capability, international industrial division of labor, and the overall quality gap of the national economy. Although this is related to the phase of industrialization in which China is located, it also reflects the urgent need for China's economy to be big, not strong, and an extensive economy in urgent need of adjustment.
The purpose of rationally controlling total energy consumption is not to grow but to grow rationally to support greater economic growth with less energy consumption. With regard to the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, from the time of reform and opening up to the end of the last century, China basically achieved a quadrupling of its energy consumption to protect the national economy. Since entering this century, China has basically doubled its energy consumption to support the doubling of the national economy. In order to reduce the dependence of economic growth on energy, the country vigorously promotes energy conservation and emission reduction policies and measures, actively adjusts the industrial structure, and accelerates the elimination of outdated production capacity. In recent years, the total energy consumption growth rate has generally slowed year by year, and the intensity of energy consumption has been continuously reduced. It shows that the steady and rapid development of the national economy can be supported by the growth of lower energy consumption.
In order to control the total energy consumption, we must first emphasize the improvement of energy efficiency by adjusting the industrial structure and optimizing the industrial layout, including paying more attention to technological progress, strengthening management, and comprehensive energy use, so as to control the development of high-energy-consuming industries and eliminate backward production capacity, and reduce Economic growth pressure on energy demand. The energy-saving and emission-reduction work in the fields of construction and transportation must also be strengthened. In the industrialization stage, improving energy efficiency is the most effective way to reduce carbon emissions, and there is much room for improvement in energy efficiency. To control the total amount of energy consumption, we must also base ourselves on the national conditions and attach great importance to the policy of sustainable development of thermal power. The development of circular economy should arouse enough attention, strengthen the recycling and utilization of resource industrial chain, and achieve a more clean and healthy development of thermal power through planning, policy, and supervision. What needs to be raised here is that an important measure in promoting low-carbon development is to increase clean energy, especially the proportion of renewable energy consumption, in the total energy consumption. To this end, we must vigorously promote the development and utilization of clean energy.
China's renewable energy resources are very rich. Although the cost of renewable energy is relatively high, a considerable part has already been commercialized. For example, solar water heaters and small biogas in rural areas are widely used. In recent years, China's clean energy has developed rapidly and it is corresponding to a large amount of investment support. In 2010, the country’s newly installed power generation capacity exceeded 91 million kilowatts, of which non-fossil energy installed capacity such as hydropower, nuclear power, wind power, and photovoltaic power generation increased by more than 36 million kilowatts, accounting for 26.5% of the total installed capacity. According to the “Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment in 2011†report issued by the United Nations Environment Programme in early July, the world’s investment in renewable energy reached a record high of US$211 billion last year, of which China’s investment amounted to 48.9 billion. The U.S. dollar is the world’s largest investor in renewable energy. Some experts believe that China's renewable energy development has entered the stage of industrialization, scale, and commercialization. For example, in 2010, the price of wind power is 0.5-0.65 yuan, which is close to the price of thermal power. The price of solar power is 1.5 yuan, and that of biomass is 0.4-1 yuan. If we continue to work hard, the cost of renewable energy will be close to the cost level of fossil energy.
It is still necessary to point out that the current proportion of clean energy is still very limited. Data shows that by the end of 2010, China’s hydropower capacity reached 216 million kilowatts, nuclear power installed capacity was 10.824 million kilowatts, and wind power grid-connected operating capacity reached 29.9555 million kilowatts, which accounted for 22.36%, 1.12%, and 3.06% of total installed capacity, respectively. Globally, in 2010, renewable energy has accounted for 16% of the world's total energy consumption, accounting for nearly 20% of the world's total electricity generation, and China's corresponding proportion is still relatively low. In order to achieve a non-fossil energy share of 11.4% of primary energy consumption in the next five years, by 2020 the proportion of non-fossil energy will reach 15% of primary energy consumption, we still have a difficult way to go. According to recent news, at the end of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, China’s annual hydropower generation capacity will reach 900 billion kwh, equivalent to 300 million tons of standard coal, and the annual wind power generation capacity will reach 190 billion kwh, equivalent to 60 million tons of standard coal. In addition, the total utilization of solar energy (including power generation and water heaters, etc.) will also be equivalent to 50 million tons of standard coal. By then, the amount of non-fossil energy used will be equivalent to 460 million tons of standard coal, accounting for 11%-12% of primary energy. The relevant data in these areas has yet to be formally announced by the government.
Low-carbon development needs actions in the energy sector that can be implemented into reality. The transformation of economic development methods, the improvement of energy efficiency, and the transformation of energy structure will promote China's low-carbon development. In order to mobilize the forces of the whole society to participate in low-carbon development, we must adhere to the guidance of government promotion and pay more attention to the use of market mechanisms and legal means. (èŒ)
According to the National Energy Administration, China's total primary energy consumption in 2009 was 3.066 billion tons of standard coal, and in 2010 it exceeded 3.2 billion tons of standard coal. The reasons for the rapid growth in total energy consumption in China are still on the rapid development stage of industrialization and urbanization. On the other hand, the situation is faced with a large population, lack of resources, environmental pressure, and arduous tasks in dealing with climate change. Maintaining high-speed economic growth with a large base of energy consumption will inevitably be severely constrained by the bottlenecks of the environment and resources. Contradictions are prominent and the situation is severe.
In order to achieve sustainable development of the country, reasonable control of energy consumption has been included in the government's attention and relevant policies have been considered for follow-up. National Energy Director Liu Tienan pointed out at the national rural energy work conference held in July: China's total energy consumption already accounts for 20% of the world total in 2010, but GDP is less than 10% of the world; China's per capita energy consumption and the world average Generally similar, but per capita GDP is only 50% of the world average; China's total GDP is roughly the same as Japan, but the total energy consumption is 4.7 times that of Japan; China's total energy consumption has exceeded the United States, but the total economic output Only 37% of the United States. This gap in unit energy consumption reflects the industrial structure, innovation capability, international industrial division of labor, and the overall quality gap of the national economy. Although this is related to the phase of industrialization in which China is located, it also reflects the urgent need for China's economy to be big, not strong, and an extensive economy in urgent need of adjustment.
The purpose of rationally controlling total energy consumption is not to grow but to grow rationally to support greater economic growth with less energy consumption. With regard to the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, from the time of reform and opening up to the end of the last century, China basically achieved a quadrupling of its energy consumption to protect the national economy. Since entering this century, China has basically doubled its energy consumption to support the doubling of the national economy. In order to reduce the dependence of economic growth on energy, the country vigorously promotes energy conservation and emission reduction policies and measures, actively adjusts the industrial structure, and accelerates the elimination of outdated production capacity. In recent years, the total energy consumption growth rate has generally slowed year by year, and the intensity of energy consumption has been continuously reduced. It shows that the steady and rapid development of the national economy can be supported by the growth of lower energy consumption.
In order to control the total energy consumption, we must first emphasize the improvement of energy efficiency by adjusting the industrial structure and optimizing the industrial layout, including paying more attention to technological progress, strengthening management, and comprehensive energy use, so as to control the development of high-energy-consuming industries and eliminate backward production capacity, and reduce Economic growth pressure on energy demand. The energy-saving and emission-reduction work in the fields of construction and transportation must also be strengthened. In the industrialization stage, improving energy efficiency is the most effective way to reduce carbon emissions, and there is much room for improvement in energy efficiency. To control the total amount of energy consumption, we must also base ourselves on the national conditions and attach great importance to the policy of sustainable development of thermal power. The development of circular economy should arouse enough attention, strengthen the recycling and utilization of resource industrial chain, and achieve a more clean and healthy development of thermal power through planning, policy, and supervision. What needs to be raised here is that an important measure in promoting low-carbon development is to increase clean energy, especially the proportion of renewable energy consumption, in the total energy consumption. To this end, we must vigorously promote the development and utilization of clean energy.
China's renewable energy resources are very rich. Although the cost of renewable energy is relatively high, a considerable part has already been commercialized. For example, solar water heaters and small biogas in rural areas are widely used. In recent years, China's clean energy has developed rapidly and it is corresponding to a large amount of investment support. In 2010, the country’s newly installed power generation capacity exceeded 91 million kilowatts, of which non-fossil energy installed capacity such as hydropower, nuclear power, wind power, and photovoltaic power generation increased by more than 36 million kilowatts, accounting for 26.5% of the total installed capacity. According to the “Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment in 2011†report issued by the United Nations Environment Programme in early July, the world’s investment in renewable energy reached a record high of US$211 billion last year, of which China’s investment amounted to 48.9 billion. The U.S. dollar is the world’s largest investor in renewable energy. Some experts believe that China's renewable energy development has entered the stage of industrialization, scale, and commercialization. For example, in 2010, the price of wind power is 0.5-0.65 yuan, which is close to the price of thermal power. The price of solar power is 1.5 yuan, and that of biomass is 0.4-1 yuan. If we continue to work hard, the cost of renewable energy will be close to the cost level of fossil energy.
It is still necessary to point out that the current proportion of clean energy is still very limited. Data shows that by the end of 2010, China’s hydropower capacity reached 216 million kilowatts, nuclear power installed capacity was 10.824 million kilowatts, and wind power grid-connected operating capacity reached 29.9555 million kilowatts, which accounted for 22.36%, 1.12%, and 3.06% of total installed capacity, respectively. Globally, in 2010, renewable energy has accounted for 16% of the world's total energy consumption, accounting for nearly 20% of the world's total electricity generation, and China's corresponding proportion is still relatively low. In order to achieve a non-fossil energy share of 11.4% of primary energy consumption in the next five years, by 2020 the proportion of non-fossil energy will reach 15% of primary energy consumption, we still have a difficult way to go. According to recent news, at the end of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, China’s annual hydropower generation capacity will reach 900 billion kwh, equivalent to 300 million tons of standard coal, and the annual wind power generation capacity will reach 190 billion kwh, equivalent to 60 million tons of standard coal. In addition, the total utilization of solar energy (including power generation and water heaters, etc.) will also be equivalent to 50 million tons of standard coal. By then, the amount of non-fossil energy used will be equivalent to 460 million tons of standard coal, accounting for 11%-12% of primary energy. The relevant data in these areas has yet to be formally announced by the government.
Low-carbon development needs actions in the energy sector that can be implemented into reality. The transformation of economic development methods, the improvement of energy efficiency, and the transformation of energy structure will promote China's low-carbon development. In order to mobilize the forces of the whole society to participate in low-carbon development, we must adhere to the guidance of government promotion and pay more attention to the use of market mechanisms and legal means. (èŒ)
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