"Our original plan is to expand production capacity this year, recruiting about 4,000 people, but now even 2,000 people have not recruited, not as good as the previous workers, can only helplessly reduce this year's production." Shandong Qingdao Hada Graphite Co., Ltd. Said that the company's general wages have risen to more than 2,300 yuan, even so, this year the factory is still not full of work, which greatly limits the production capacity of enterprises. After the fifteenth lunar month of the first month, the localities ushered in the biggest post-holiday rework in this year. However, China Securities Journal reporter learned from Shandong, the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta and other places that the rework tide has not resolved the contradiction of the structural shortage of large number of local enterprises. Some analysts pointed out that in the context of corporate production recovery and inflation expectations, labor shortages are difficult to resolve in the short term. The labor shortage has forced companies to try to solve the dilemma by the "machine instead of people" model. After every effort to rob people of the Lantern Festival, there have been post-holiday rework in various places, the number of job seekers has surged, and the number of recruitment enterprises in the labor market has also increased rapidly. However, the current labor market is still in a situation of seeking more than supply, and the structural lack of work is prominent. . Many companies have expected to use the labor shortage earlier this year, and they have made every effort to grab workers. The large demand for recruitment units is the general employment of the manufacturing industry. The salary increase is the primary magic weapon for many enterprises. The director of a garment factory in Chang'an Town, Dongguan told the China Securities Journal that many companies waited until the Spring Festival to raise wages to attract workers, and their companies have raised workers' wages two or three months before the Spring Festival. The employees have high wages and high confidence in the company. After the festival, they are more willing to come back, and the old employees return home, and may bring relatives and friends. This week, more than 20 Dongguan enterprises will travel to Henan, from Zhengzhou to Xuchang, and there will be 30,000 job information brought by the group. Judging from the registration situation, the average wage of the general workers has increased from about 1,800 yuan last year to about 2,500 yuan. In order to recruit employees, companies basically use the reimbursement of tolls and improve the company's living environment and welfare to impress job seekers. Why do you have to work so hard because of many reasons ? On the surface, this is related to the recovery of foreign trade demand and the increase in orders for some export-oriented enterprises. Gong Zhifu, director of Dongguan Youxun Electronics Factory, told China Securities Journal that the orders of enterprises were arranged in May and were fully loaded to supply customers worldwide. "At present, global electronic products are entering a new generation period, and the demand for communication electronic products is very large." He said that the new orders are mainly concentrated in the European and American markets, and Japan's market share will also increase. Many analysts pointed out that one of the main reasons for the labor shortage is the “grab effort†in the central and western regions and coastal areas. From the coastal areas, especially the Pearl River Delta, to the processing and manufacturing areas of southeastern Yunnan and southeastern Zhejiang, to the Yangtze River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, to the labor outflow areas such as Jiangxi, Henan, and Hunan, the “labor shortage†and “technics†The wasteland began to spread. He Jun, an analyst of Anbang Group, believes that it is difficult to retain farmers by relying on processing capital only because of the current strict household registration system, high cost of living in cities, and the consideration of migrant workers in social security, medical care, and children’s schooling. work. In the past two years, the rising prices have put a lot of pressure on migrant workers. In addition, many provinces and cities in the Mainland have experienced rapid economic development, increased employment opportunities, and improved salary and salaries, which have caused migrant workers to return to their hometowns. The rapid increase in prices of agricultural products ( 17.18 , -0.38 , -2.16% ) has enabled some farmers to earn real benefits, and the income level between the second and third crops has gradually narrowed, which has also reduced the number of migrant workers who work outside the home. Lao Li of Xudong Village in Zhucheng City, Shandong Province used to work in the paper mill in the city, but he is preparing to resume farming this spring. "My brother-in-law contracted 5 acres of turmeric and garlic. Last year, the price of ginger and garlic was very high. I could make more than 10,000 yuan in an acre of land. It is more suitable than going out to work. I can also go home. I am going to learn from him this year. Learning technology also grows ginger.†The industrial upgrading has suffered serious labor shortages and rising costs. Many companies have begun to find ways to upgrade their industries. By improving the degree of automation and technological transformation, they have tried to break the enterprise with the model of “machine instead of peopleâ€. The "labor shortage" is a dilemma. Gong Zhifu said that labor-intensive enterprises such as electronic products can improve equipment and processes. "Our original production line is a group of ten people. Now it can be reduced to eight people. Although wages have risen, labor productivity can make up for wages. Loss of cost.†Not only do 10,000 people, but some small businesses are also on the road to improvement and innovation. Xin Daping worked in Dalang, Dongguan, for eight or nine years. Last year he spent 520,000 yuan to purchase 10 fully automatic computer looms. "The original seven or eight machines needed one worker each. Now I can handle these ten machines, and there is no shortage of work," he said. Statistics show that from 2006 to 2010, the high-end machines for seamless weaving in Yiwu have increased from hundreds of original machines to more than 8,000 units. These high-end machines also save tens of thousands of workers for the Yiwu knitting industry while improving product quality. Zheng Fengtian, a professor at Renmin University of China, said that it is not enough to rely on temporary wage increases. The core of improving the “labor shortage†is in enterprises. The fundamental way for SMEs to solve the problem of “labor shortage†is to enhance their ability to innovate and complete industrial upgrading. From the international experience, the "labor shortage" is also a prelude to industrial transformation and upgrading. For example, in the 1960s, Japan experienced this phenomenon. At that time, Japan’s agricultural labor force accounted for about 50% of the total labor force. The shortage of industrial workers made Japan’s manufacturing industry rely on the growth model of cheap labor to come to an end. To this end, Japan has adopted measures to promote the expansion of equipment investment, promote technological progress and industrial restructuring.
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