Vegetable fertilizer characteristics and fertilization points

Cabbage vegetables, such as Chinese cabbage, large green vegetables, small green vegetables, black and white vegetables, and rapeseed, are characterized by their leafy edible parts. These crops have large leaf surfaces and high transpiration rates, but shallow root systems. Therefore, maintaining a high soil moisture level and a nutrient-rich environment is crucial for their growth. Sufficient nitrogen supply throughout the growing season is essential for achieving high yields. In the later stages of growth, phosphorus and potassium should also be adequately applied, along with trace elements like iron, calcium, zinc, boron, and manganese. Copper is needed in smaller quantities. Applying a 0.25% to 0.5% calcium nitrate solution through foliar sprays can help reduce the occurrence of dry heartburn, a common issue caused by calcium deficiency in Chinese cabbage. Green leafy vegetables, including spinach, lettuce, celery, leeks, and parsley, mainly utilize soft leaves, petioles, or stems as edible parts. They typically have shallow roots and grow quickly, requiring consistent nutrient availability. For example, celery requires about 2.55 kg of nitrogen, 1.66 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 3.67 kg of potassium oxide per ton of produce, with an absorption ratio of 1:0.5:1.4. Potassium plays a key role in thickening and strengthening the petioles, improving both yield and quality. Calcium deficiency can lead to heart rot in celery, while spinach is sensitive to copper, silver, and zinc deficiencies. Lettuce, on the other hand, is vulnerable to zinc, copper, and molybdenum deficiencies. Spraying multi-micro-fertilizers can effectively improve yields and prevent these issues. Solanaceous vegetables, such as tomatoes, eggplants, and sweet peppers, are valued for their fruit-like edible parts. These plants require careful attention to phosphorus and potassium fertilization, along with balanced nitrogen levels. Trace elements like calcium, iron, manganese, and zinc are also important. Tomatoes, for instance, absorb approximately 3.18 kg of nitrogen, 0.74 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 4.38 kg of potassium oxide per ton, with a ratio of 1:0.5:1.5. Spraying a 0.5% calcium oxide solution during fruit setting helps control umbilical rot and improves fruit firmness, which benefits storage and transport. Tomatoes are particularly sensitive to iron, manganese, and zinc deficiencies, so early application of micro-nutrient sprays is recommended to avoid physiological problems like yellowing or leaf variegation. Melon vegetables, including cucumbers, pumpkins, zucchini, melons, loofah, bitter gourd, and chayote, are all fruit-bearing crops. Fertilization should focus on phosphorus and potassium, with balanced nitrogen supply and attention to trace elements like manganese, copper, and calcium. Cucumbers, for example, require about 4.1 kg of nitrogen, 2.3 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 5.5 kg of potassium oxide per ton, with an absorption ratio of 1:0.6:1.3. Manganese and copper deficiencies can significantly impact cucumber yields, making early application of multi-micro-fertilizers beneficial for improving productivity and quality. Author: Chen Maochun Source: Science and Technology Information

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