The classification of ceramic tiles is divided into national standards according to the size of water absorption, which can be divided into five categories: "ceramic tile, enamel tile, fine tantalum tile, enamel tile, and ceramic tile". The specific classification basis is:
Porcelain tiles less than or equal to 0.5% ç‚» tiles less than or equal to 3% greater than 0.5% fine tantalum tiles less than or equal to 6% greater than 3% tanned tiles less than or equal to 10% greater than 6% ceramic tiles greater than 10%
There are many ways to classify other commonly used ceramic tiles.
First, classified by purpose
1) Interior wall tiles: Glazed ceramic products with a water absorption of less than 21% for interior wall decoration. The main features are high glaze gloss, rich decoration techniques, and high appearance quality and dimensional accuracy.
2) External wall tiles: ceramic tiles with a water absorption of less than 10% for exterior wall decoration. Depending on the outdoor temperature, bricks with different water absorption rates are selected. In the cold regions, bricks with a water absorption of less than 3% should be used. Most of the glazed outer wall tiles are semi-glossy (matt) or matt, and tiles with low water absorption are not glazing.
3) Floor tiles: Ceramic tiles used for floor covering. The main features are high hardness, wear resistance, thick carcass, high mechanical strength, and good stain resistance.
Second, classified by material
1) Porcelain tiles: The water absorption is less than 0.5%, the light transmission is good, and the section is delicate and shell-like.
2) Semi-ceramic tiles: The water absorption rate is 0.5% to 10%, including enamel bricks, fine enamel bricks and enamel bricks. It has poor light transmission, but it has high mechanical strength, good thermal stability, good chemical resistance, and a stone-like cross-section.
3) Ceramic bricks: The water absorption rate is relatively large, generally 10% to 21%. The green body has a low degree of sintering, is opaque to light, has a low mechanical strength, and has a rough section.
Third, according to the molding method
1) Dry pressing method (powder method): The pulverized material is made into a powder with a moisture content of less than 6%, and the powder in the mold is pressed into sheet-like bricks by a press.
2) The plastic method (extrusion method, wet pressing method, roller pressing method, etc.): The mud is made into a mud mass with a water content of about 20%, and then subjected to different pressing methods such as pressing and rolling, and the plastic mud can be obtained. The agglomerate pressed into a sheet of brick.
3) Grouting method: The slurry is made into a grouting material and dehydrated by using a gypsum model. This molding method is inefficient and is often used to produce special products with few parts.
In the performance testing of products, the inspection standards are usually selected according to the material and molding method. For example, the standard selected for testing porcelain tiles is the standard method of powder molding and porcelain tiles with a water absorption rate of less than 0.5%.
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