Guide
In the "12th Five-Year Plan for National Animal Husbandry Development", it is mentioned that "by 2015, the proportion of large-scale breeding of more than 500 pigs will reach 50%", an increase of 15 percentage points over 2010. It shows that China's pig industry will develop towards standardization, scale and industrialization, but at the same time, we also clearly understand that China's small and medium pig farms still occupy a considerable proportion. For small and medium-sized pig farms, the feed conversion rate of pigs directly affects the economic benefits of the market. The conversion rate of feed for pigs refers to the ratio of total weight gain of pigs during the feeding period to the total amount of feed during the feeding period, and is a key indicator affecting the production efficiency of pig farms. There are many factors affecting the feed conversion rate of pig farms, which are summarized in four aspects: variety, nutrition, health status and feeding management. Here are four aspects to explain how to improve the feed conversion rate of pigs in small and medium-sized pig farms in order to improve the efficiency of farm farming.
Select the variety of feed conversion rate
Different varieties have great differences in feed conversion rate and daily weight gain. Lean meat type pig breeds and ternary or quaternary crossbred pigs have faster growth rate, higher daily gain, and higher feed under reasonable feed nutrition. The conversion rate is higher.
1 lean meat pig breed
Famous foreign lean pigs include Landrace, Large White, Duroc, Hampshire and Pietrain. China's own breeding of Hubei White Pig, Sanjiang White Pig and Junmu No. 1 White Pig. The common feature of these pig breeds is that the carcass has a high rate of lean meat (about 66%), rapid growth and development, high feed utilization, and thin backfat. In general, the higher the lean rate, the more the feed. Lean meat type requires a large amount of protein, so special attention should be paid to the protein content in the feed during feeding.
2 hybrid mode
Hybrid pigs produce better production results, which are the same as those of hybrid corn and hybrid rice. There are various ways of hybridization of pigs. From the number of pigs involved, there are binary, ternary and quaternary hybrids. At present, the main hybrid combination models are Du Yuanda, Du Dachang and Du Changben.
3 variety selection
The purpose of the production of the farm is to provide high-quality pigs to the market and to obtain economic benefits. Therefore, careful selection of hybrid production methods is an important aspect of whether or not the benefits can be achieved. In the early stage of construction, small and medium-sized pig farms can carefully select pig breeds with obvious genetic advantages, laying the foundation for future feeding management. The completed field can gradually optimize the breed of pigs in the field when selecting the gilts. At this time, we must weigh the risk factors of the control of the pig farms.
According to different stages, supply reasonable nutritional formula and timely
1 Feeding the appropriate feed according to different stages of hog feeding
Pigs should use scientific formula feeds. Piglets need to feed high-nutrient piglets in the nursery and transfer them to the breeding house. Nutrition is the foundation, and feed is the key to the pig industry, which generally accounts for 60% to 80% of the total production cost.
2 Understand the status of hog breeding in the field, and find out the reasons to improve the feed conversion rate
In order to increase the feed conversion rate, it can be divided into several stages according to the growth period of the pig, the nursery period (5-10 weeks old), the pre-growth period (11-13 weeks old), the late growth stage (14-17 weeks old) and the fattening period. (After 18 weeks of age), the feed conversion ratios at each stage were calculated separately. The feed conversion ratio of the whole growing season was calculated according to the feed conversion ratio at each stage. In general, as the feeding period is extended, the feed conversion rate of the pigs will decrease. If the feed conversion rate at a certain stage is found to be lower than the feed conversion rate in the previous stage, it is necessary to pay attention to the feeding at this stage, and it is necessary to adjust the feed formula or check the health status of the pig group in time.
3 timely
Tests on large pigs have shown that the daily gains begin to decrease when the body weight exceeds 100 kg; when the body weight reaches 200 to 250 kg, the daily gain is only 50% of the highest daily gain. It can be seen that the weight of the slaughter is too large, the daily weight gain is reduced, the feed consumption is high, the cost is increased, and it is not economical. If it is necessary to delay the slaughter due to factors such as price, the proportion of roughage can be appropriately increased, which can reduce the cost of feeding, improve the quality of meat, and reduce losses for pig farms.
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