At present, the early rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is in the heading and filling stage, the middle rice is in the tillering stage, the late rice in the first season is in the transplanting and returning stage, and the double-season late rice is in the sowing and breeding period. According to the forecast of the China Meteorological Administration, in the next ten days, most of the Jianghuai, Jianghan, and Jiangnan areas continue to experience heavy rains, with rainfall exceeding 4-8 percent over the same period of the previous year. In view of the growth stage and production characteristics of different rice types, the Rice Experts Group of the Ministry of Agriculture, on the basis of the national early rice production situation and the analysis of the mid-late rice seedling situation, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, proposed the rice disaster prevention in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Guidance on disaster reduction techniques.
Early rice production
This year, the quality of early rice seedlings is good, the rate of adulteration is high, the number of basic seedlings and the number of panicles are guaranteed, but the rain is more in the late growth period, the number of sunshine hours is reduced, and the individual birthing process is delayed. It is necessary to strengthen the classification guidance, ensure the safety and maturity, and realize the return of the particles.
First, manage the water. Recently, there is more rain, and the flooded fields should be drained as soon as possible to promote the growth of the roots and prevent lodging. During the filling and filling period, the field should be kept dry and wet, mainly wet, and the roots of the plants should be kept vibrating. In the later stage, the water should be cut off too early to prevent premature aging and high temperature ripening.
The second is to supplement the grain fertilizer. For the three types of seedlings with weak growth and easy to lose fertilizer and premature aging, generally apply 1-2 kg of urea per acre, or apply foliar fertilizer to enhance the photosynthesis ability of the later leaves and promote grain filling and fruiting.
The third is to prevent pests and diseases. Strengthen monitoring and early warning, strengthen the overall prevention and control of pests and diseases that focus on rice “two-shift†pests, rice blast, and sheath blight, promote professional rule of prevention, improve prevention and control, and reduce pesticide use.
The fourth is the appropriate period. Generally, it is harvested about 25 days after the heading, when the whole ear loses green, and when the hull is 90% yellow, it is prevented from appearing. Vigorously promote the mechanized combined removal of the straw pulverizing device to improve harvesting efficiency.
One season rice production
According to the dispatch analysis, the rice planting period in this season is generally earlier than in previous years, and it is faster to return to green and the seedlings are more adequate. It is necessary to control the group by reason, control the group reasonably, and set up a good harvest shelf.
The first is to strengthen water management. The flooded field block should be drained in time and in stages, combined with washing the seedlings and lightly exposed fields, and timely supplementing the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer. In the late stage of planting the field, it is necessary to promote early drying of the field, control the number of peak seedlings, and increase the rate of tillering.
The second is the scientific application of fertilizer. It is necessary to apply fertilizer once in the flooded field. Late planting of the field should be applied early to promote the early development of the fertilizer, set up a high-yield seedling rack. The application of panicle grain fertilizer should be carried out when the peak of the group has passed, and the leaf color is obviously faded and "yellow", according to different cultivation methods, varieties and seedlings. To increase the application of potassium fertilizer, it is forbidden to blindly increase the application of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in late maturity and late maturity.
The third is to do a good job in pest control. Strengthen the overall control of mixed drugs before and after the break to the heading stage, focusing on prevention and control of "two-shift" pests, black-streaked dwarf disease, stripe leaf blight, rice false disease and rice blast.
The fourth is to prevent high temperature and heat damage. In some areas, rice stalks are advanced in advance, and special attention should be paid to preventing high temperature heat damage from late July to early August. If the temperature exceeds 35 °C during the heading, the field should maintain a deep water layer, adjust the temperature with water, and lower the temperature of the ear layer. Foliar spraying of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can also be adopted to enhance the resistance of rice plants to high temperatures and to mitigate or alleviate the hazards.
Double season late rice production
First, rational selection of varieties and methods of planting. It is necessary to use early-middle-ripening varieties to insert late rice into the machine, which will reduce the risk of “cold wind†in the later stage. It is advocated to adopt the method of moist and thinning, transplanting and transplanting.
The second is to prevent floods in a timely manner. In the flood season, in case of heavy rains and floods, it is necessary to promptly collect the accumulated water, and at the same time properly maintain the shallow water layer to prevent the warming of the rain and the rapid death of the seedlings.
The third is to coordinate the arrangement of the mouth. The appropriate date of planting is determined based on the early rice growth process. In the area where the early rice is delayed, the late rice may be too long and the leaves are long. It should be moderately diluted to reduce the amount of chemical control agents. At the same time, do a good job of "sending marrying fertilizer" and "selling the medicine" to promote the seedlings to be strong and grow early after planting. After the early rice is allowed to be rushed, it should be planted in time to fill in the late seedlings, insert the basic seedlings, and adopt early management measures to speed up the birth process. (National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Rice Expert Group of the Ministry of Agriculture)
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