1 after adding (spraying) method
1.1 directly add suspension or colloid
Kvanta (1987) reported that substances containing small amounts of biological activity (including vitamins, hormones, enzymes, bacteria, etc., or one of them) can be incorporated into processed foods or feeds to contain biologically active substances. First mixed with an inert carrier to form a mud, which is insoluble, then form a uniform suspension, and the suspension is converted into a form that can act on the pellets by a device to form a uniform film. Cover the surface of the pellets. Lavery (1996) also reported mixing with a viscous gel and then mixing with the feed granules. The colloid-coated particles are substantially uniform and contaminated by the mixer, which is added in an amount of about 2-40 kg per ton of feed. These two methods of addition are more suitable for the production of small batches of feed or farm processing.
1.2 spray added liquid
Novo Nordisk (1993) has developed a liquid spray system that meets the requirements for the addition of liquid enzyme preparations after feed granulation. This is mainly composed of a high-precision dosing pump that sprays a precise amount of liquid enzyme preparation through a pneumatic nozzle, and the company produces a series of liquid enzyme preparations. Daniseo (1996) has also developed an enzyme spray system for spraying liquid enzyme preparations into pellet feeds. This spray system ensures the accuracy and safety of the addition of liquid enzyme preparations and is produced by the company. A range of liquid enzyme preparations. Chevita (1998) invented a new spray application system that can simultaneously spray up to four liquid or colloidal additives on processed feed at a dose of 0.1-5 kg ​​per ton of feed. Sprout-Matador (1998) also showed a micro-liquid system for adding liquid ingredients to the granules, which can add trace amounts of amino acids, vitamins, aromas, enzymes, antibiotics and oils.
1.3 Problems
Most of these spray equipment use a pressure nozzle that allows the liquid or gel to be atomized and ejected. In general, the atomized liquid particles are small, and the surface of the feed particles is more uniform than the direct addition of liquid or colloid. However, if the nozzle is pressurized, if the spray direction is wrong, the liquid will be blown to other places and adhered to all the equipment in the factory area, which will affect the safety and hygiene of the production, which requires the equipment to have good airtightness. Moreover, the post-addition (spraying) method may cause an increase in the powdering rate of the pellets; the various active substances merely adhere to the surface of the feed pellets, and are easily peeled off during the transportation of the feed, resulting in loss of the active material of the feed; Attached to the surface is more susceptible to light and oxidation, resulting in greater loss during storage.
2 In view of the defects of the current traditional processes and different post-adding (spraying) methods, many research institutes and enterprises have made a lot of explorations in new processes. Li Qi et al. (2001) proposed a relatively advanced production process.
The principle is to divide the feed ingredients into three categories: bulk raw materials (raw grain), such as corn, wheat, bran, soybean meal, germ, fish meal, etc.; calcium hydrogen phosphate, bentonite, etc. are not sensitive to heat and do not need to be expanded; Heat sensitive multivitamins, pharmaceutical additives, enzyme preparations, etc. In the production process, it is added in stages: no expansion and heat sensitive additives and vitamins are not subjected to the expansion process, but only the bulk raw materials (raw grain) are expanded to achieve starch gelatinization, inhibition of anti-nutritional factor activity, sterilization and the like. After puffing, the bulk raw materials are pulverized and blended with the unexpanded raw material components, and then the granulated raw granulated pellets are granulated together, because the heat sensitive materials are only subjected to ordinary primary granulation without high temperature, high pressure and high humidity conditions. The processing, so the loss of vitamins, heat-sensitive substances, etc. is much smaller than the traditional post-puffing process, and there is no difference from the ordinary granulation process. The process does not need to change the process layout of the original traditional process of quenching and tempering and puffing granulation, but it is necessary to increase the horizontal conveying equipment and facilities between puffing and pulverization, and the conditional permission can also adopt the self-flow pipe. Since the bulk material needs to undergo secondary pulverization after being expanded, it will inevitably have a certain impact on the production efficiency and processing cost.
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