How can fire fighters in the "Taiwan Fire Prevention Manual" operate the rescue air cushion safely?

I. Introduction

Due to the rapid development of modern cities, buildings are getting higher and higher. After a building fire, there will be a large amount of smoke rising due to combustion. Because these smokes contain carbon monoxide or odor-stimulating gases, people living in high-rise buildings are It is easy to create a sense of terror in an instant. When the escape passage is unknown or blocked, most people rush to the window and escape from the balcony. When the fire approaches the no escape route, they always jump outwards for a fight, often resulting in light Then the body is injured, but when it is heavy, it loses precious life.

In special circumstances that cannot be covered by this guideline ( unusual environment ) , on-site personnel should use their professional judgement to combine the overall situation of people, events, times, places, and objects for the most appropriate disposal.

Second, the history of the case

1, time of occurrence: August 2016 X day.

2 , place of occurrence: XX Grand Hotel.

3 , on-site situation:

In a large hotel, on the second floor, in the learning park restaurant on the 2nd floor, 300 people were trapped due to a short circuit in the wire . A total of 10 ladder trucks , 29 fire engines , 15 ambulances , and 270 firefighters were sent to the rescue. After the fire on the 2nd floor, the fire quickly controlled, but the smoke ran up the air-conditioning system and the stairwell. Each floor was full of smoke. Since this is a closed building, escape and smoke emissions are difficult. More than 300 people on the scene are guided by firefighters to leave the fire.

After the firefighters deployed the air cushions, they were not fully charged and the trapped people jumped off. Three people were killed and one firefighter was injured in the spine.

4. Casualties: 19 deaths, 35 injuries, and 16 firefighters were injured.

5 , case analysis:

1. It takes time to deploy rescue air cushions. Use gestures, loudspeakers, or posters to inflate the mood of the rescued person as much as possible during inflation to prevent them from jumping off without completing the inflation.

2. When multiple people use it, you can use gestures, loudspeakers, or big posters to guide the trapped people to jump to the center of the air cushion in sequence. After a person jumps off to leave the air cushion, you must confirm that the air cushion has been re-inflated for safe air volume. The second person can jump off.

"Remember that air cushions exceeding 10 meters are not reliable, and you should not use air cushions for jump training at ordinary times."

Third, safety precautions

1,

Due to the special nature of the fire rescue air cushion products, various rescue air cushions have different dimensions and specifications. They should be kept in a ready-to-use state according to the height of the rescue. Conscientious efforts should be made to carry out daily maintenance and inspection of the air cushions.

2,

If there is any chemical substance on the air cushion, it should be cleaned and the air cushion should be kept clean and dry to avoid weakening of the air cushion body or suture.

3,

In addition to the usual maintenance inspections, the life-saving air cushions should be inflated periodically. Every time the police return, they must also be checked.

4,

Pay attention to the safe use of the height range of the air cushion. If the height of the trapped person exceeds the air cushion use range, use a ladder truck or other rescue method as the main method, and assist the air cushion to escape.

5,

If the current wind speed is too high, it is not appropriate to use a rescue air cushion.

6,

Positioning the air cushion should take into account the position of the trapped person and the place where it is convenient and safe to jump. There should be no protrusions or sharp objects, and no debris should be placed on the air cushion.

7,

Consider whether there are any obstacles to the length, width and descending space of the life-saving air cushion group. If necessary, remove or avoid obstacles such as high-voltage lines, signboards, and parking vehicles. Pay attention to the direction of the wind when using the air cushion, and remove the debris around the place.

8,

The operation of the rescue air cushion group should preferably have sufficient manpower (can be divided into psychological comfort group and equipment group), and if necessary, request reinforcement before the police.

9,

It takes a long time to inflate the air cushion. When inflating, gestures, loudspeakers, or posters should be used to soothe the trapped person's emotions and prevent them from jumping out.

10、

The air cushion must be fully inflated for the first time to be used, and it is necessary to check the operation of the air pump at any time. If the air pump fails to be repaired, it must be unplugged before the power supply is cut off. Do not put your hand into the air pump. Touch the fan.

11.

Make sure that the person you are escaping with is carrying dangerous goods or sharp objects.

12,

Check whether the air vent of the air cushion is damaged. When operating, control the frequency and interval of use, use the air cushion under the safe air volume ( cannot be used during re-inflation ) , and use gestures, loudspeakers, or posters to prevent people from panic. In the air cushion is not full of gas to jump.

13,

When many people use it, they can use gestures, loudspeakers, or posters to guide trapped people to jump to the center of the air cushion in sequence. After one person jumps off the air cushion, it must be confirmed that the air cushion has been re-inflated for safety. One person can jump, and two people cannot jump at the same time.

14,

After trapped persons jumped off the air cushion, the firefighters pulled down the air cushion to allow trapped persons to roll down and help the trapped person to leave the air cushion as soon as possible so that the air cushion could be inflated as soon as possible for the next trapped person to use.

15, aim before jumping

Before jumping on the life-saving air cushion, aim at the center point of the air cushion. The eyes are straight ahead and the legs are bent. The mood is relaxed and not tense.

16,

After jumping off, the feet must be lifted and the chin tightly closed on the chest, so it is easy to avoid muscle tension and injury. The main thing is to avoid the feet directly padding, hurting the spine.

17.

You can take an upward-looking large-size posture, and use the air cushion on both hands to spread the impact force.

V. Conclusion

Based on the above several cases and safety precautions, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. Based on the above discussion, it can be seen that the life-saving air-cushion use time should be based on the protection of people's lives and safety from falling (dropping) from a height place. It is an auxiliary rescue equipment and is not the only rescue method. For situations in which disasters ( fires ) or suicides are out of control, such as jumping out of buildings or losing buildings, it is still necessary to go into rescue or persuade rescue operations.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.