Stone is formed through the processing of rocks. Rocks are made up of various minerals, and among them, iron-bearing minerals serve as the primary source of iron in stone.
In nature, iron has a Clark value of about 4.2% by weight, making it the fourth most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Despite its high abundance, pure metallic iron is rarely found in nature. This is because iron is highly reactive and tends to oxidize easily, which prevents it from existing in its pure form for long periods.
Although iron is widely present in the environment, it is mostly found in compound forms. As a moderately reactive metal, iron readily reacts with oxygen, sulfur, chlorine, and other elements at high temperatures. It also dissolves easily in solutions of inorganic acids like hydrochloric acid and is affected by concentrated alkalis. Due to these properties, iron can only remain stable in nature when it is part of a mineral structure, typically as an iron-containing compound.
Common iron compounds include oxides, sulfides, silicates, carbonates, phosphates, borates, sulfates, tungstates, molybdates, arsenates, and arsenides. According to rough estimates, there are over 100 different types of iron-bearing minerals identified in nature. These minerals play a crucial role in the formation of various rock types and are essential sources of iron for industrial use.
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