Preliminary Study on Construction of Fire Fighting and Rescue Professional

In order to further improve the ability of the fire-fighting forces to deal with special disaster accidents such as “high, low, and oneness”, and to supplement the current problem of fire-fighting and rescue shortboards, the Fire Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security put forward the idea of ​​building a professional team for fire-fighting and rescue and pointed out the professional team. The thinking and direction of the construction, but due to the large differences in economic development in various regions, there is no specific construction standard. Combining with the characteristics of major disaster accidents in Jilin Province and the actual conditions of fire-fighting and rescue equipment, the author has conducted preliminary investigations and thoughts on the construction of the fire-fighting and rescue professional team. The concept and model of the professional team for fire-fighting and rescue, and how to rely on existing personnel equipment have been studied. The establishment of professional teams and future equipment development needs, etc., put forward some personal views, for reference only.

What is a fire fighting and rescue professional team

The author believes that the fire-fighting and rescue team is composed of professionals and professional equipment established to meet the needs of a certain type of disaster accident disposal work, and has conducted professional training, has professional skills, daily targeted firefighting and rescue preparation, and ensures that At the moment, it is able to overcome the difficulties of “fighting and winning” firefighting and rescue professional teams. It can be a team or an organization, or it can be a collection of various types of fire-fighting and rescue forces that have been scientifically compiled. So why build a professional team? How is it different from our current special squadron and ordinary squadron? There are mainly the following aspects:

(a) The functions and tasks are different. According to the relevant standards, urban fire stations are divided into ordinary fire stations, special service fire stations, and combat security fire stations. Among them, ordinary stations are divided into one station, two stations and small stations. The ordinary squadron only has the ability to dispose of ordinary fires and general emergency rescue. It is very difficult to complete the task of destroying large fires, rescuing large disasters, and conquering hardships. Even if multiple squadrons jointly fight, it is difficult to cope with the "one high and one low one. "Other special disasters. Although the special squadron has the ability to dispose of general special disaster accidents, due to the “many jobs”, heavy tasks, and limited energy, in the face of large-scale and difficult fires, only a “multi-functional” special service team will attack and win. The means are also stretched and the momentum for winning is still slightly insufficient. Although the functions of the combat support team are relatively single, they are also limited to the rear protection. They are the guarantee of winning instead of being sharp. The corresponding fire fighting and rescue team is a professional team built to deal with certain kinds of disaster accidents. The functions are not only unique, but also highly targeted. This is the basic guarantee for winning.

(b) different equipment. The current squadrons on duty are all based on the "Standard for the Construction of Urban Fire Stations" and the type of vehicle equipment is relatively uniform and standardized. In recent years, with the development of science and technology and fire fighting and rescue techniques, there are some areas to buy armored vehicles, 101 m hydraulic platform fire truck, fire engine turbojet, car exhaust, remote water systems, foam fire-power, high-volume high Spray special equipment such as fire-fighting vehicles, drones, robots, etc., but there are still problems such as the number and distribution of equipment is unreasonable, and front and rear operations are unsystematic. The firefighting and rescue team is based on different types of disaster accidents, and special vehicle equipment shall be used in accordance with the methods of “dispersion on duty, deployment during wartime, and coordination between the front and the back” to exert the operational effectiveness of various types of special equipment and equipment to form professional team equipment. system. What needs to be emphasized here is that the construction of equipment for professional teams is not a matter of greed for the sake of perfection, not a big package, and it is mainly to highlight high, refined, and sharp, and to achieve the functions of overcoming difficulties and breaking problems.

(III) Different on duty preparation. Whether it is the special squadron or the ordinary squadron, equipment and equipment are prepared according to the requirements of the equipment and the carrying capacity of the fire engine. The layout is basically the same. The professional team's combat preparation is different. For example, the main stream of the high-level fire fighting and rescue professional team should not be the double-roll type that I normally use in the field. This method is used to lay water lines or other methods along the stairs. Water is very difficult and inefficient. High-level professional teams in foreign developed countries, Taiwan, and Shanghai use single-roll and “ Z ” folding, and they also have a water-belt basket and a water back frame. Only in this way can they be quickly laid up. At the same time, high-level professional teams must be equipped with high-pressure water separators, water separator interfaces must be equipped with protective devices or 4.5 meters safety ropes and lifting equipment and equipment 100 meters above the general safety rope required. The operational preparations of other professional teams are also different. We will not go into details here. We need each team to gradually explore and improve according to the needs of combat.

(d) The war is different. Combat accomplishment accomplishes the task of assigning personnel, equipment and equipment according to operational needs, assigning tasks according to the most scientific and most efficient collocation method, solidifying distribution methods, and strengthening coordination to achieve the best combat effectiveness. Each independent combat unit has its own combat operations, ranging from a single combat team to a single operational squadron, to multiple squadrons, or even multiple detachments. The various types of professional teams in the province currently rely on the tactical units of multiple squadrons for optimization and combination, and they are also an operational compilation. Then, what is the difference between the professional team's combat compilation and the combat operations of multiple squadron joint operations, in particular, some 400 second class detachments, and only 3-4 squadrons in the urban area , regardless of the type of firefighting and rescue team that is established? All rely on the personnel and equipment of these squadrons. Before a professional team was established, once a major fire broke out, the deployment plan also dispatched all of the city’s on-duty forces. Although the output of both is basically the same, the difference is very different. The first is different deployment methods, non-professional team models, most of them are all dispatched, and the professional team is based on the type of disaster treatment needs, according to the compiled out, the equipment is more targeted, useless vehicles do not move, can save combat space, especially When the team implements cross-regional deployment of forces, it deploys teams within the professional team as units. It is more targeted, convenient, and practical. Second, different combat systems are used. When multiple squadrons cooperate in operations, each squadron is independent. The combat system is not a system between the internal squadrons of different squadrons, and the same applies to the rear of the same squadron. They are all independent and each has its own battle. Third, the operational effectiveness is different. For example, when a high-rise building fire needs coupling water supply, the squadron may not have 2 Coupled with the pressure-matched main vehicles, for example, fighting a petrochemical fire, the squadron water supply flow may not match the main vehicle flow, and the professional team is to scientifically compile the high-grade equipment of multiple squadrons. The system can form a synergy to maximize operational effectiveness.

What are the construction models of professional teams?

There are many types of fire fighting and rescue professional teams. Ten years ago, there were already professional teams dealing with accidents such as earthquakes, waters, mines and mines, and they continued to grow. At the same time, with the rapid development of social economy and the increasing number of high-level, underground, urban complexes, and petrochemicals, fire fighting has encountered many new problems and difficulties. The short boards of fire fighting and rescue have become more and more obvious, prompting “a high one. Low-level one-year-old fire-fighting and rescue professional teams have emerged and need to be strengthened. It is understood that the national fire fighting and rescue professional team mainly has the following three modes:

(a) "Small sophisticated" team model. At present, the typical team-type professional teams in the country include professional teams for earthquake search and rescue, underwater rescue submarine rescue, mountain water rescue, hazardous chemicals plugging, and nuclear accident disposal. Many of them are local professionals. Representatives of the fire fighting and rescue team are the professional team of the Guangdong General Team and the Hong Kong (Japan) smoke cap team. Taking the senior professional team of the Guangdong Corps as an example, the first is based on the fact that super-high-rise public buildings are managed by a number of realty management service units and do not constitute affiliation with each other. Relying on the micro-fire stations, the team is built on the “multi-station on the first floor” model. That is, multiple micro fire stations are set up according to the use management area. A single micro fire station shall be constructed in accordance with the “one station, multiple point” construction model. The second is the establishment of a technical disposal team based on the engineering and technical personnel of the super high-rise units. The team consists of electricians and plumbers. , fitters, machine electricians, gas pipeline workers and other special technical staff composed of beads. Class (group) members not less than four, and clearly the class (group) a long. Each class (group) members of the special types of work personnel shall not be less than one ; Third, relying on the special squadron of each on duty squadrons in the vehicle team as a unit to establish a professional team, each professional team is only for 1-2 fire fighting and rescue difficulties It is used to match, not the entire high-level fire. Of course, the Guangdong General Team also has a professional team based on 1-2 squadrons.

(b) The mode of independent institutional units. This type of professional team is typically a full-time team of chemical companies. Each team is an established unit. Each team is an independent professional team. Equipment is selected according to operational needs. For example: There is a brigade dedicated to high-ejection firefighting, a brigade that specializes in water supply, a brigade that specializes in plugging, and a brigade that is specifically responsible for decontamination. Some national teams and detachments in the country also rely on a special squadron or ordinary squadron to strengthen the personnel and equipment, and independently establish professional teams. However, due to the restrictions imposed by the barracks and other fire fighting and rescue missions in this area, the number of professional teams in this mode is still low. .

(c) Multi-unit editing mode. This model is relatively common and is a common practice of the current national fire brigade. It is to unite several nearby squadrons or several squadrons equipped with “high-precision” equipment, and deploy personnel and equipment to meet the needs of various types of disasters. Various types of firefighting and rescue professional teams established after the scientific compilation. In October this year, at the video dispatching meeting for the building of fire fighting and rescue professional teams held by the Ministry of Finance and Industry, the professional teams reported by the Brothers of Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang using the individual soldier image transmission system all belonged to this model. Through risk assessment, based on existing strengths, adopt the “ 1+N ” model and scientifically plan and accurately position it in accordance with the ideas of “land ownership, special service”. In the dense fire squadrons of high-rise buildings in the area, professional teams are set up to serve as the carrier, and then rely on the special squadron to build professional teams for high-rise buildings. They are usually dispersed, concentrated in wartime, and regularly train and conduct joint drills to form a team. Point "The layout of the tough power. Once a fire occurs, it can achieve rapid response, quick arrival and quick control in the early stages of a fire, and it can also elicit a sword, strike out, and win.

The development direction of the professional team construction in Jilin Province

This year, the corps introduced the "Implementation Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving the Construction of the Provincial Fire Fighting Units' Fire-Fighting and Rescue Professional Team," and clarified that it adheres to the treatment of the largest, most difficult and most complicated disasters in the province as the standard, with active fire-fighting forces as the main force. Focus on special forces and special vehicle equipment, follow the steps of “building a team, training, and improving” and the steps of “fire risk assessment, improvement of strength compilation, actual combat effectiveness testing, strengthening of equipment construction, and professional training”. Achieve the goal of building a team with specialization in formation, organizational deployment, and flat command. "Opinions" requires all regional disasters combined strength characteristics and distribution of duty, in accordance with the principles of the construction team "based in the area, the surrounding radiation, high and low, complementary advantages," the categorical form one or more professional teams, the province plans to set up 14 A high-level professional team, 11 underground professional teams, 16 complex professional teams, 10 chemical professional teams, and specifically defined the composition requirements of various professional team personnel and vehicle equipment. What needs to be emphasized here is that this "opinion" is a guiding document and is not a mandatory standard. All detachments must be combined with reality. Professional teams must not be greedy for perfection, not just “adding” but also “subtracting”. People and vehicles can increase or decrease as needed. The key is to optimize the formation, form a joint force, and create “ The "killer" can effectively solve the shortcomings of our current fire fighting and rescue. The author believes that the focus of construction should highlight the following aspects:

(a) Aiming at the purpose of establishing a team. The fire fighting and rescue professional team can not simply think that it is pulling teams and hanging blocks, and it is no different from the general team. Its position is the critical force that bears certain tasks, has the means to win, and is able to win. We need to base ourselves on what is required for the disposal of major disasters in the area, and what is lacking in combat fire fighting forces. Targeted procurement is equipped with special equipment to scientifically compile existing forces, avoiding the problems of 1+1=2 or even 1+1<2 . Achieve 1+1>2 goals. For example, the original multiple squadron joint operations model, each squadron self-contained system, the squadron internal hose model, the interface form is the same, but the squadron may not be the same, resulting in the water supply line can not be formed, which is 1 +1 <2 . The establishment of a professional team is to unify the squadron's hose model and combat readiness, so that coordination will be smooth and smooth. The purpose of building a professional team is to solve problems and make up short boards. Therefore, we must persist in problem orientation and find out where the short board for local fire fighting and rescue is. What are the solutions? This is not only the goal of professional team construction, but also the standard of professional team building. Therefore, the construction of a professional team should be determined by the detachment of the district according to the needs of the construction program, clear the relevant standards, the general team responsible for the review and guidance acceptance. The reason why the bureaus and the corps did not specify the standards for various types of equipment for professional teams is because the problems facing each region are not the same and the equipment needs are not the same. The unified standards will only return to the old road of special squadron construction. The purpose of professional team building.

(b) equipped with offensive weapon. Workers must first sharpen their tools if they want to do good. The professional team must be equipped with special equipment that is "I have no people, and people have me." We must focus on the needs of different combat capabilities, increase the deployment, application, and innovation of high-precision vehicle equipment and demonstrate the degree of specialization. For example, for a super high-rise building with a height of 200 meters or more, can we be equipped with equipment and aircraft that specifically implement external water supply and external attack and fire extinguishing; for large-scale, large-span buildings, we must focus on the research of high-strength demolition and multi-angle smoke extraction. Vehicles; For petrochemical fires, there must be UAV reconnaissance, mobile artillery extinguishing, and robot containment at the near end. There must be high-power water tanks, foam cars, remote water supply, and foam systems for protection at the far end, especially for research and development. A high-performance bubble that can cover, extinguish, and rejuvenate at a crucial moment. In short, we must equip the professional team with the most advanced, most durable, and most practical equipment. It also strives to improve the individual combat capability under complex and extreme conditions. Personal protective equipment must be armed to “teeth”, such as fire fighting suits with high thermal protection performance and easy action, an infrared thermal imager with accurate temperature display, and accurate positioning. The dead man's individual positioning, communication, and image transmission system must reflect professional capabilities from the details. The requirements of the Fleet shall be that the height of the indoor liquid supply should not be less than 150 meters , the superimposed flow rate should not be less than 30L /S , the height of the high sprayer water jet should not be less than 80 meters , the superposed flow rate should not be less than 80L /S , and the height lifting should not be less than 50 meters. The rear water supply superposition flow should not be less than 180L /S . Underground outstanding professional team equipped with smoke and fire engines fire robots, which should not be less than the amount of smoke positive 400,000 m3 / h, not less than the amount of negative pressure exhaust 100,000 m3 / h, the professional team of outstanding high-power chemical foam Fire trucks, 70- meter or higher high- emission fire-fighting vehicles, and remote water supply systems, in which the foam liquid supply flow should not be less than 166L /S , the high sprayer span should not be less than 30 meters , and the flow should not be less than 60L /S . The water supply flow of the remote water supply system should not be less than 200L /S . The underground rail transit must be equipped with rail fire trucks or rail cars to meet the needs of various disasters. Therefore, all local governments should focus their financial resources on meeting the above criteria when purchasing equipment in the future, and create "fist" and "daggers" everywhere.

(C) solidified combat mode. First of all, according to the scale of disaster accidents, the fire alarm and emergency rescue grading should be further elaborated. Based on the deployment principle of “supervising professional teams, regional professional formations, and reinforcement modules superimposed”, professional forces should be incorporated into the first responding combat forces and included. Digital pre-planning platform system, usually to carry out real-time deduction, to be a one-button start in wartime, including equipment, logistics, medical and other forces must carry out operations, and truly achieve "kill chicken with knives." Secondly, we must standardize the requirements for combat readiness, from the integration and placement of the hoses, to before and after collocation of the combat capabilities of the equipment, and to the interconnection and communication methods. This must be scientific and reasonable, and regular targeted training should be conducted. Strengthen synergies among all groups and squadrons, especially in the areas of high-level water laying, equipment transport, depth and depth of underground attack, equipment transportation, chemical process disposal, tank fire fighting, and other important aspects of combat, must carry out repeated operations Training and field exercises have effectively achieved the purpose of compilation and achieved the goal of winning the battle. Finally, at the scene of firefighting and rescue, the commanders of the corps and detachment should allow the professional team to assume heavy responsibilities and fight the main attack, coordinate the cooperation of related forces, and truly form a systematic and professional operation to effectively play its role as a sharp knife.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.