At present, the urban drinking water treatment process is mainly to remove the suspended matter, turbidity and pathogenic microorganisms from the coagulation→precipitation→filtration→disinfection conventional treatment process, and select the appropriate treatment structure type according to the characteristics of the source water, and combine it into drinking water treatment. Process flow. The disinfection method is mainly based on chlorine disinfection, and a few water plants use chlorine dioxide, ozone or ultraviolet disinfection. The effluent water quality is generally required to meet the national standards for drinking water quality.
For water sources with good water quality, traditional water treatment processes can obtain safe and qualified drinking water. However, with the pollution of source water, the traditional water treatment process can not meet the requirements of the current drinking water needs to be solved for the removal of organic matter and the reduction of the three nitrogen content. Although drinking water in most areas has been routinely treated, it still Contains a variety of trace organic substances, especially toxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic substances gradually increase, people drink for a long time, there will be dizziness, fatigue, hair loss, increased incidence of cancer and so on. With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, new pathogenic microbial factors appear in drinking water, and chlorination can not effectively kill pathogens, viruses and anti-chlorine pathogens such as Giardia cysts and hidden in water. Sporozoite oocysts, etc. The emergence of anti-chlorine pathogenic microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium has also raised questions about the traditional chlorination process.
In order to improve and improve drinking water quality, effective removal of trace organic substances in drinking water and harmful substances such as iron, manganese and heavy metal ions to prevent the production of teratogenic and carcinogenic substances such as THMs, many countries in the world have carried out research in this area. And took the corresponding measures. From the existing data, deep purification of drinking water mainly takes measures such as pre-oxidation, activated carbon adsorption and ozone oxidation.
Activated carbon not only has good effect on color and odor removal in purifying water supply, but also has high adsorption capacity for synthetic detergent ABS, trihalomethanes (THMs), halogenated hydrocarbons and free chlorine, and can effectively remove almost impossible to decompose. Carbamate insecticides, etc. Activated carbon can effectively remove free chlorine and some heavy metals (such as Hg, Sb, Sn, Cr) in water and is not easy to produce secondary pollution. It is often used in the purification process of domestic water and drinking water. The main advantages of activated carbon in wastewater treatment are high degree of treatment and stable effluent quality. Used in combination with other methods to obtain high quality effluent quality, even to drinking water standards. In the water purification technology, it is generally divided into pretreatment and advanced treatment technologies.
Note on the use of activated carbon:
1. Transportation and loading and unloading: During the transportation process, activated carbon should not be dragged with iron hooks. It should be prevented from mixing with hard materials. It should not be strongly vibrated, rubbed, stepped or smashed. It is strictly forbidden to throw. It should be lightly loaded and unloaded to reduce the breakage of carbon particles. ,Affect.
2, storage: should be stored in a cool dry place, to prevent internal and external packaging bags from rupture, to prevent moisture and other substances in the air, affecting the use of results. It is strictly forbidden to mix with toxic and harmful gases or volatile substances. Keep away from pollution sources?
3. It is strictly forbidden to flood: Activated carbon is a porous adsorbing substance, so it must be absolutely prevented from water immersion during transportation, storage and use. After water immersion, water is filled with active pores, which reduces the surface area and gas of activated carbon. Direct contact, seriously affecting the use of results.
4. Prevention of tar-like substances: During use, tar-like viscous substances should be prohibited from entering the activated carbon bed, so as not to block the pores of the activated carbon or cover the surface of the activated carbon, so that the gas cannot contact the surface of the activated carbon, and the application effect is lost, such as in a gas. Containing such substances should be removed before the gas enters the activated carbon bed (preferably with decoking equipment) to achieve good application results.
5. Fire prevention: When storing or transporting activated carbon, it should prevent direct contact with fire source to prevent fire. When the activated carbon is regenerated, it avoids oxygen and regenerates thoroughly. After regeneration, it must be cooled to below 800 °C with steam cooling. Otherwise, the temperature is high, and the activated carbon spontaneously ignites.
6. Use: When loading, the granules and dust generated by the transportation should be screened first. Then the layers are evenly spread out, and should not be poured directly from the feeding hole, so as to avoid uneven filling of the size particles, eventually causing gas drift and affecting the use effect. At the end of the filling, the air should be blown before driving, and the surface of the activated carbon should be blown to adhere to the dust to avoid the dust entering the post-section and affecting normal production.
7. Safety Needs: Wet activated carbon needs to remove oxygen from the air. Oxygen consumption in a safe and closed container will cause a toxic environment. If workers enter the container containing activated carbon for proper sampling or low oxygen space, Comply with relevant national standards and operating standards.
Analysis of the related role of biological activated carbon
An important role for biological activated carbon is to absorb dissolved organic matter from water to provide food for bacteria. Moreover, when these organic substances enter or leave the pore structure of the particles, they are preyed by the bacteria. Or when the organic concentration in the influent water is high, the activated carbon will adsorb excess organic matter to prevent the excessive proliferation of bacteria and control the overall number of bacteria.
When the concentration of organic matter in the water is lower than the average concentration of the inlet, some organic matter adsorbed on the activated carbon will be desorbed, and these organic substances will be preyed by the bacteria to achieve a stable biomass.
Brief description of activated carbon application technology:
The adsorption process has many applications in feedwater and wastewater treatment. The activated carbon has a well-developed microporous structure and excellent adsorption performance, and is the most widely used and economical adsorbent. Activated carbon not only has certain adsorption capacity for organic or inorganic substances, but also for ionic or non-ionic substances, and the surface of activated carbon can also act as contact catalysis. Therefore, activated carbon is widely used in various sectors of the national economy, such as food, sugar, wine, pharmaceutical, metallurgical and chemical industries.
In the water treatment process, activated carbon is often used in the following aspects:
It is used for advanced treatment of drinking water, and removes odor, phenol, halogenated hydrocarbon (chloroform, etc.) chlorine in tap water.
The pretreatment for preparing high-purity water causes the tap water to remove organic substances, microorganisms, colloids, and residual chlorine before the ion exchange to prevent the ion exchange resin from being contaminated by organic substances or the like.
It is used for tertiary treatment of wastewater such as electroplating, printing and dyeing, refining, etc., and some residual organic matter that cannot be biodegraded after secondary treatment of wastewater is removed by activated carbon.
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