Abstract: The access control system is one of the standard components of each building in each community and is used more and more widely in various places. There are many kinds of access electronic locks. Let's take a look at the working principle of the access control electronic lock and the installation technology of the access control electronic lock.
How does the access control electronic lock work?
Commonly used electric locks for access control are: electric plug lock, magnetic lock, electric lock, electric lock.
Access control electronic lock
Electric lock principle
The electric mortise lock is also called "anode lock". In fact, it is only one type of "anode lock", which is an electric lock that opens the door when the power is off. Because in accordance with the fire requirements, in the event of a fire, the building will automatically cut off the power, the electric lock should be opened to facilitate people to escape, so the performance of the electric lock is power off unlock (open the door).
The electric plug lock has a delay control, that is, there is a dial switch on the lock body, and the delay time for closing the door can be set. Usually it can be set to 0 seconds, 3 seconds, 6 seconds, 9 seconds. Each brand's locks are slightly different in length. The delay of the electric mortise lock is the door closing delay, which means how long after the door is in place, the lock is down and the door is locked. Generally, the access control system requires the door to be closed, the lock is down, and the door is closed. Therefore, the electrical lock delay is set to 0 seconds by default. Some doors, the ground spring is not good, the door swayed a few times before and after the door closed position, the door was set, this time if set to 0 seconds, the lock has not had time to hit the keyhole, the door swayed over, the door is When you sway back, you will have a lock that has been stretched out. In this case, you can set a door closing delay, make the door sway a few times, stabilize it, lock it down, and close the door.
Electric lock principle
The electric lock is locked or unlocked by electromagnetically generated push or pull release lever. The electric lock is generally operated by electromagnetic force generated by electromagnetic force. The two working modes of the electric lock: respectively, the power-off lock type, that is, in the case of no power, the lock tongue cannot be opened, and the power supply is unlocked; the power-off unlock type, that is, in the case of power-on, the lock tongue can be opened. On the contrary, the power is locked.
Commonly used access control electronic locks have magnetic padlocks and magnetic door locks. Below we use these two electronic locks to see the principle of access control electronic locks.
Magnetic lock principle
We know that each magnet has two poles, one north pole (N pole) and one south pole (S pole). The magnet has the same sex repellent and the opposite sex attracts. The electromagnetic lock is a lock that is made of permanent magnets (magnetic beads) by utilizing this characteristic of a magnet, and some people are called "electronic locks".
The magnetic lock, also called the suction lock, generates a huge magnetic force after the power is applied. Any object with an iron object will be sucked up, and the size of the magnetic force is more related to the contact area. The suction force generated by the larger the area of ​​the iron object is The more complete, it is not easy to pull open, the magnetic force is converted into magnetic force, the magnetic force itself is a force, then the force has the size, the size of the magnetic force can be designed according to the needs, so the electromagnetic lock is also powerfully limited in setting. There are 180kg, 280kg, 380kg, etc. This magnetic force, if we have enough strength, can also pull the magnetic force away, that is, the electromagnetic lock is separated.
Electronic lock principle
The terminal of the electronically controlled lock is actually an electromagnet that controls a simple mechanical device to switch the door. However, the action of the electromagnet is acted upon by a series of commands. When there is no control, first measure the voltage to the electromagnet, and input the switch door command (some are electromagnetic card, some input password), to see if the voltage changes, if there is a change, and the electromagnet does not move, The fault is the electromagnetic control part, and the electromagnetic control part should be repaired or replaced, otherwise the control part is faulty. The control part is more complicated. It has two parts of hardware and software for control, and some are connected with computer interface, which can perform personnel access query statistics. The general control output voltage is controlled by the relay output. First, see if the relay has a sound of suction. If not, measure the voltage of each part of the relay control interface and whether the drive device is damaged. If it is intact, you can further measure the working voltage of the integrated circuit, reset the port and the clock oscillation part. If there is no problem, Generally it is a software failure, which can only be contacted by the developer. If the relay has a pickup sound and the voltage of the relay is normal, the relay contact is damaged or the line to the electronic control part is broken.
Access control electronic lock installation skills
1, the lock
The more commonly used locks in the access control system have three types: an anode lock (ie, a latch lock), a cathode lock (electric lock), and a magnetic lock.
(1) Anode lock—The operating voltage is usually 12 VDC, and the current is divided into continuous current and peak current. The peak current appears only during the lock action. The normal continuous current is between 400mA and 500mA, and the peak current is between 800mA and 1000mA. It has a door state and a lock tongue reverse switch. Suitable for concealed installation, generally installed in glass doors, wooden doors and small iron doors that need to open the door inside and outside. If the door frame has no hidden holes (such as frameless glass doors), you need to add lock accessories (such as door clamps and small door clamps). The installation requirements are precise, and the door must be closed at the same same static position each time. The door closure can be realized by a ground spring or a door closer.
(2) Cathode lock—The operating voltage is 12 VDC and there is also 24 VDC. The current is between 180mA and 350mA. Suitable for single-door one-way opening or double-fan (one fixed) one-way opening of wooden doors and small iron doors. A mechanical lock is required for use and the door handle is used together. When installing, the position of the electric cathode lock lock is aligned with the spring lock tongue of the mechanical lock. The gap between the door leaf and the door frame cannot be greater than 4mm. When selecting, it is recommended to select the lock without the door state feedback switch (there is more failure during the use of the door state feedback switch), and the door magnet is set separately.
(3) Magnetic lock—The working voltage is 12VDC/24VDC, and the current is between 400mA and 500mA. The suction iron piece and the lock body are divided into two parts. Suitable for installation in fire doors, iron doors and double open wooden doors. The iron piece is mounted on the door leaf during installation, and the lock body is mounted on the door frame, and the lock body is required to be installed indoors. The outer opening door is directly installed, and the inner opening door must be matched with the mounting accessory ("L" type bracket). When the door is closed, the lock iron piece is aligned with the lock body and completely attracted.
2, card reader, exit button
In order to have the bottom box installed, the installation position under the bottomless box condition shall be reinforced, especially the plasterboard wall and the ordinary partition wall. The installation height can be as high as the lighting switch, and it can be placed at the hand.
3, the door magnetic
Installed near the lock, the concealed attention opening should not be too loose; the mounted surface should be fixed and not allowed to rub when opening the door.
4, the door requires flexible opening and closing
In the position where the locks and accessories are installed, the iron thickness of the iron door leaf and the door frame is not less than 1.2 mm, which is suitable for opening the silk thread. Too thin to consider this part of the thickening; the door leaf, door frame of the wooden door can not be hollow, the minimum position required to install the device must be solid. Avoid unfastening of locks, accessories, or easy release in the future. The anode lock, the magnetic lock is generally installed at the top of the door opening end of the door frame, and the cathode lock is installed at the position of the corresponding door frame of the mechanical lock bolt, and the door slit should not be larger than 4 mm.
5, wiring requirements
(1) The strong and weak electricity is separated from the line pipe, and the distance is 300mm or more.
(2) In and out of the line slot, the bottom box should have anti-cutting treatment to avoid sharp bending, entanglement, knotting, and hard pull, and appropriate slack.
6, other devices
Door closer——(One-way opening) The opening and closing stroke is stable. The spring at the same point is closed every time. (Two-way opening) The opening and closing stroke is stable. When it is in position, the movement is less, and each time it is closed, it is at the same point. on.
Editor in charge: Zhao Hongli
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