The simple tools of various stone axes, stone hammers and wooden and mechanical lathe leathers made and used by humans in the Stone Age were the pioneers of the machines that emerged later. Thousands of years ago, mankind had created hoes and mills for shelling and smashing of grains, citrus and hoes for lifting water, vehicles with wheels, ships and paddles, rafts, rudders, etc. that sailed on rivers. The power used is developed from manpower to animal power, wind power and water power. The materials used are developed from natural stone, wood, earth, leather, etc. to man-made materials.
The earliest man-made material was ceramic. The ceramic car made of ceramic ware is a complete machine with three parts: power, transmission and work. The blower plays an important role in the development of human society. A powerful blower allows the metallurgical furnace to obtain a sufficiently high furnace temperature to extract metal from the ore.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, China had already had a blower for smelting and Casting. Before the 15th to 16th centuries, mechanical engineering developed slowly. After the 17th century, the capitalist commodity economy developed rapidly in countries such as Britain and France. Many people are committed to improving the working machinery needed by various industries and developing new power machinery, the steam engine. In the late 18th century, the application of steam engines was extended from the mining industry to the textile, flour and metallurgical industries. The main material of the production machinery was gradually changed from wood to metal. The machinery manufacturing industry began to form and gradually became an important industry. Mechanical engineering has evolved from a dispersive, largely reliance on craftsmanship and craftsmanship to a theoretically guided, systematic and independent engineering technique. Mechanical engineering is the main technical factor that contributed to the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries and the large-scale production of capitalist machinery.
The development of power machinery In the late 17th century, with the improvement of machinery, the demand for coal and metal ore increased, relying only on manpower and animal power to adapt to the requirements of production improvement, so the atmosphere of T. Newcomb appeared in the early 18th century. Steam engine,
Mechanical lathes are used to drive mine drainage pumps. In 1765, J. Watt invented a steam engine with separate condensers to reduce fuel consumption. In 1781, Watt created a steam engine that provided rotary power, expanding the range of applications for steam engines. The invention and development of steam engines promote the automation of mining and industrial production, railways and handling machinery. Almost the only source of power in the 19th century. However, steam engines and their boilers, condensers and cooling water systems are bulky, bulky and inconvenient to apply.
At the beginning of the power station, the steam engine was used as the prime mover; at the beginning of the 20th century, steam turbines with high efficiency, high speed and high power appeared, and large and small power turbines adapted to various hydraulic resources also appeared. The internal combustion engine invented in the late 19th century has been improved year by year, becoming a prime mover that is light, small, efficient, easy to handle, and ready to start at any time. The internal combustion engine was originally used to drive onshore work machines without power supply, and later used in automobiles, mobile machinery (such as tractors, excavation machinery, etc.) and ships, and was used in railway locomotives in the mid-20th century. The internal combustion engine and the later invented gas turbine and jet engine are also one of the basic technical factors for the successful development of aircraft and spacecraft.
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