Overview of Oil Bearings

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Oil bearings are a special type of bearing that utilize the porous structure of the materials or the affinity between the lubricating oil and the material. Before being used in a bearing system, these bearings are impregnated with lubricating oil, which allows them to operate for extended periods without requiring additional lubrication. This makes them ideal for applications where regular maintenance is difficult or impractical. In a non-working state, the lubricating oil may seep out of the pores. However, during operation, as the shaft rotates and generates heat, the bearing expands slightly, reducing the porosity. When the bearing cools down, it contracts again, allowing the lubricating oil to be drawn back into the pores. This self-lubricating mechanism ensures continuous and reliable performance. Although oil bearings can form a complete oil film, they often operate under mixed friction conditions, especially under high loads or varying speeds. This means that both fluid friction and boundary friction occur simultaneously, making proper design and material selection crucial for optimal performance. Common materials used for oil-impregnated bearings include wood, sintered cast iron, cast copper alloys, and powder metallurgy. These materials are chosen for their ability to absorb and retain lubricating oil effectively. In modern applications, polymer-based materials such as phenolic resins are also widely used due to their excellent wear resistance and lubrication properties. Oil bearings are commonly found in various mechanical systems, including electric motors, pumps, and small machinery. Their low maintenance requirements and long service life make them a popular choice in many industrial and consumer applications.

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