The Layout and Functional Characteristics of Five Major Types of Bearings

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Thrust tapered roller bearings are designed with conical rollers as the rolling elements. Their layout ensures that the rolling elements and raceways intersect at a single point along the bearing's axial center, allowing for pure rolling motion. This design enables a higher limiting speed compared to thrust cylindrical roller bearings. These bearings are capable of handling unidirectional axial loads, and their standard designation is 90000. However, due to limited output and non-standardized dimensions in many manufacturers' production, there is no universal national standard for these bearings. Thrust angular contact ball bearings typically have a contact angle of 60 degrees and are commonly used as two-way bearings. They are often applied in high-precision machine tool spindles and are usually paired with double-row cylindrical roller bearings. These bearings can handle bidirectional axial loads, offer high precision, good rigidity, low temperature rise, and high-speed performance, making them easy to assemble and disassemble. Double-row tapered roller bearings feature a complex structure, with the most common type being 35000. They consist of a double-raceway outer ring, two inner rings, and a spacer between the inner rings. The thickness of the spacer can be adjusted, allowing the bearing to handle both radial and bi-directional axial loads. They also help limit axial displacement of the shaft or housing within the bearing's clearance. Tapered roller bearings, designated as 30000, are separate bearings. According to GB/T 307.1-94, the outer rings and inner components of these bearings are interchangeable. The outer ring dimensions are standardized, and international interchangeability is widely accepted. Tapered roller bearings are primarily used to support combined radial and axial loads, offering greater load capacity than angular contact ball bearings but with lower limiting speeds. They can handle unidirectional axial loads and constrain axial movement in one direction. Deep groove ball bearings feature continuous raceways on both inner and outer rings, with a cross-section that covers approximately one-third of the ball's equatorial circumference. These bearings are mainly used for radial loads and can also handle a certain amount of axial load. When the radial clearance increases, they behave similarly to angular contact bearings and can manage alternating axial loads in both directions. They are known for their low friction coefficient and are widely used in various applications.

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