The Layout and Functional Characteristics of Five Major Types of Bearings

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Thrust tapered roller bearings are designed with conical rollers as their rolling elements. The key feature in their layout is that the rolling elements, along with the raceways, intersect at a single point on the bearing's axial center. This design allows for pure rolling motion, resulting in a higher limiting speed compared to thrust cylindrical roller bearings. These bearings can only support unidirectional axial loads and are typically designated by the code 90000. Due to their relatively small load capacity, many manufacturers produce non-standard sizes, making it rare to find standardized dimensions for these bearings. Thrust angular contact ball bearings have a contact angle usually set at 60 degrees. They are commonly used in high-precision applications such as machine tool spindles, often paired with double-row cylindrical roller bearings. These bearings can handle bidirectional axial loads, offer high precision, good rigidity, low heat generation, and are easy to assemble and disassemble. Double-row tapered roller bearings feature a complex structure, with the most common type being 35000. They consist of a double-raceway outer ring, two inner rings, and a spacer between them. The thickness of the spacer can be adjusted, allowing the bearing to accommodate both radial and axial loads. They also help limit axial displacement between the shaft and housing within the bearing's clearance. Tapered roller bearings, identified by the code 30000, are separable bearings. In standard designs, particularly those covered under GB/T 307.1-94, the outer ring and inner components are interchangeable. Their outer dimensions are standardized, and they can be universally exchanged internationally. These bearings are primarily used to support combined radial and axial loads, with a higher load capacity than angular contact ball bearings but a lower limiting speed. They can support axial loads in one direction and constrain axial movement accordingly. Deep groove ball bearings have continuous raceways on both inner and outer rings, with a cross-section covering approximately one-third of the ball’s equatorial circumference. They are mainly used for radial loads and can also handle a certain amount of axial load. When the radial clearance increases, they exhibit characteristics similar to angular contact ball bearings, allowing them to support axial loads in both directions. These bearings are widely used due to their low friction coefficient and versatility.

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