Ensuring proper nutrition for fish, maintaining high-quality feed, and creating optimal water conditions are essential for the healthy and rapid growth of premium fish species.
In their early stages, newly hatched fish larvae primarily rely on plankton in the water, especially zooplankton, as their main food source. Maintaining clean water and cultivating sufficient plankton during this critical period is crucial for increasing larval survival rates. As the fish grow and develop into juvenile stages, their feeding habits change and become more varied.
For example, grass carp and head goby larvae mainly consume zooplankton, but as they mature into juvenile fish, they transition to an omnivorous diet. Once grass carp reach a length of 7 to 10 cm and head goby reach 4 to 5 cm, they begin to shift toward herbivory, feeding mainly on aquatic plants like spirulina, water hyacinth, and duckweed. These fish can also consume terrestrial plant rhizomes, soybean cake, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, rice bran, wheat bran, barley, corn, and fish meal, along with artificial feed options.
Salmon and trout are filter-feeding fish that primarily consume plankton, but they can also ingest organic humus and bacteria. In captivity, they can be fed a variety of commercial feeds such as soybean cake, rapeseed meal, soy milk, straw pulp, and manufactured pellets. Their diet should be well-balanced to support their growth and health.
Herring larvae mainly feed on zooplankton, but once they reach about 15 cm in length, they start consuming small snails and mites. Adult herring are primarily carnivorous, feeding on mollusks, benthic shrimps, aquatic insects, and their larvae. When raised in controlled environments, they can eat snails, various cakes, silkworm pupae, bran, grains, and pelleted feed. For optimal development, their feed should contain a significant amount of animal-based ingredients like fish meal, silkworm powder, and blood meal, with crude protein levels between 35% and 40%.
Carp in natural waters mainly feed on animal-based sources such as mosquito larvae, snails, river otters, aquatic insects, and shrimp, while also consuming seeds, shoots, and parts of higher aquatic plants. In captive settings, they can eat a wide range of commercial and compound feeds, but their feed must have a higher crude protein content compared to other species—between 32% and 38%—with a significant proportion coming from animal sources.
Common carp and silver carp typically feed on plant-based materials like water grass, diatoms, filamentous algae, and organic debris, along with snails, midge larvae, river otters, cladocerans, and copepods. They are adaptable and can thrive on a mix of natural and artificial diets.
Carnivorous fish like tilapia prefer to eat small fish, shrimp, crabs, snails, insect larvae, and dead animals. Their feeding behavior changes as they grow: young tilapia mainly eat rotifers, leeches, aquatic insects, and shellfish, while those weighing around 5 grams begin to actively hunt small prey or scavenge on animal carcasses. In captivity, they can be fed leeches, tilapia-specific feed, and compound feeds, with adults relying mostly on formulated diets.
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