The working principle and application of noise meter / sound level meter

**The Working Principle and Application of Noise Meters / Sound Level Meters**
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**How Does a Noise Meter / Sound Level Meter Work?**
A sound level meter measures noise by converting sound pressure into an electrical signal. The microphone captures the sound and transforms it into a voltage signal. This signal is then processed through several stages to provide an accurate reading of the noise level.

**1. Microphone** The microphone is the key component that converts sound waves into electrical signals. There are various types of microphones used in sound level meters, including moving coil, condenser, electret, and crystal. **1.1 Moving Coil Microphone** This type consists of a diaphragm, a movable coil, a permanent magnet, and a transformer. When sound waves hit the diaphragm, it vibrates, causing the coil to move within the magnetic field. This movement generates an induced current proportional to the sound pressure. **1.2 Condenser Microphone** A condenser microphone uses a metal diaphragm and a nearby electrode, forming a capacitor. When sound pressure deforms the diaphragm, the capacitance changes, which alters the voltage in the circuit. These microphones are known for their high sensitivity, flat frequency response, and stability, making them ideal for precise acoustic measurements. However, they require a preamplifier due to their high output impedance. **2. Amplifier** The amplifier boosts the weak electrical signal from the microphone. It typically has two stages: input and output amplifiers. Attenuators adjust the signal level to ensure accurate readings on the display. **3. Weighting Network** The weighting network simulates human hearing characteristics. Different weightings (A, B, C) are applied to adjust the frequency response of the measured sound. A-weighting is most common, as it closely matches the human ear's sensitivity, especially at lower sound levels. **4. Detector and Indicator** The detector converts the AC signal into a DC voltage, which is then displayed on the indicator. Common detectors include peak, average, and RMS (root mean square). RMS detectors are widely used for general noise measurements, while peak detectors are useful for short-duration sounds like gunshots or explosions. **Measurement Modes** Sound level meters can operate in different modes based on the type of noise being measured: - **Slow**: Used for steady-state noise, with a time constant of 1000 ms. - **Fast**: Ideal for fluctuating noises like traffic, with a time constant of 125 ms. - **Pulse or Pulse Hold**: Measures long-duration impulse noises, such as hammering. - **Peak Hold**: Captures very short pulses, like gunshots, with a needle rise time of less than 20 ms. Whether you need a professional-grade sound level meter for industrial use or environmental monitoring, Guangzhou Chengmin Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. offers a wide selection of high-quality instruments. Contact us today for more information and support. **Source:** [http://news.chinawj.com.cn](http://news.chinawj.com.cn) **Image:** The working principle and application of noise meter / sound level meter **Editor:** Hardware Business Network Information Center | [http://news.chinawj.com.cn](http://news.chinawj.com.cn)

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