Dushan jade, also known as Mixian jade, is a fascinating and diverse gemstone renowned for its wide range of colors. The variety of hues found in Dushan jade is due to the presence of different mineral impurities and pigment ions. As a result, it comes in over 50 distinct color variations. Approximately 50% of Dushan jade is variegated, 30% is green, and 10% is white. The color can change depending on the elements present: chromium gives it a green or emerald green tone, vanadium leads to yellow, while iron, manganese, and copper create reddish tones. Other elements such as titanium, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and tin contribute to additional shades like purple.
Dushan jade is classified into eight main types based on color:
1. **Green Dushan Jade**
This variety ranges from bright green to emerald green, with shades like gray-green, blue-green, and yellow-green. It often contains white areas, with uneven color distribution appearing in bands, filaments, or clusters. The texture is fine, and some pieces exhibit a glassy luster with translucency. The most prized type is the translucent blue-green jade, known as "Tianlan jade" or "Nanyang Cuiyu." However, high-quality specimens have become rarer in recent years, with most being gray-green and opaque.
2. **Red Dushan Jade (Furong Jade)**
Known for its pink or hibiscus-like hues, this variety comes in various shades and is typically semi-transparent to opaque. It has a fine texture and glossy surface, often showing a transition between red and white. This type is relatively rare, making up less than 5% of all Dushan jade.
3. **White Dushan Jade (Bai Dushan Jade)**
Characterized by a milky white color, this jade has a smooth, oily luster and can be transparent, slightly translucent, or opaque. It is divided into three subtypes: water white (most valuable), oil white, and dry white. Water white is considered the best, and white jade accounts for about 10% of Dushan jade.
4. **Purple Dushan Jade**
This variety displays deep purple tones and has a fine, dense texture with a glassy sheen. It is commonly referred to as "bright brown jade," "sauce purple jade," or "purple jade."
5. **Yellow Dushan Jade (Huang Dushan Jade)**
Available in varying depths of yellow or brownish-yellow, this jade is usually semi-transparent. It may contain white or brown patches and exhibits transitional color zones.
6. **Black Dushan Jade (Mo Yu)**
Known as "ink jade," this type appears dark, almost black, with a coarse texture and poor transparency. It often contains blocky or clustered formations and is accompanied by white areas. It is considered the least valuable variety.
7. **Blue Dushan Jade (Qing Dushan Jade)**
Ranging from cyan to gray-blue, this type is often found in blocks or bands and is typically opaque. It is one of the more common varieties within Dushan jade.
8. **Variegated Dushan Jade**
This is the most common type, accounting for over 50% of Dushan jade reserves. It features two or more colors in the same piece, sometimes even four or five, such as green, white, brown, and black. These colors may appear in dip-like patterns or gradual transitions, even in small areas like a ring face. The complex color combinations are key in identifying authentic Dushan jade.
In terms of quality, the best Dushan jade exhibits vibrant, pure colors—such as emerald green, blue-green, light blue-green, or clear white—with high transparency, fine texture, and no cracks or impurities. Among the varieties, hibiscus stone, permeable white jade, and green jade are particularly valued. Additionally, artisans often use multi-colored Dushan jade blocks to create realistic carvings that mimic natural jade formations, which are highly appreciated by collectors.
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