The pressure tank is a critical component in water systems, designed to manage pressure fluctuations and ensure stable operation. It consists of several key parts: the valve cover, inflation port, airbag, carbon steel tank, and flange. When connected to the water system, its primary function is to act as an accumulator. When the system water pressure exceeds the nitrogen pressure inside the airbag, the water is forced into the airbag, compressing the nitrogen and reducing its volume while increasing its pressure. This helps to absorb excess water and maintain system balance.
As the system pressure decreases, the compressed nitrogen expands, pushing water back into the system until a new equilibrium is reached. This process effectively regulates pressure fluctuations, preventing damage to system components and ensuring smooth operation. The tank is pre-charged with nitrogen at the factory, and it is coated with a protective paint layer. Inlet and outlet connections are typically made using tees or metal hoses, and there is an exhaust valve for draining excess water or releasing air from the system. The fill/deflate port allows for adding or releasing gas, though this is not present on tanks of 750L and above.
Pressure tanks are widely used in various water systems, especially those with small-scale pressure fluctuations. In hot water heating systems, they help eliminate pressure variations caused by temperature changes, protecting control components from potential damage. In variable frequency water supply systems, they reduce pressure fluctuations caused by pump cycling, which minimizes the number of pump starts and extends its lifespan. They are also useful in residential and commercial water supply systems, where they help prevent water hammer effects caused by valve operations, thus protecting the entire system from sudden pressure surges.
Diaphragm pressure tanks offer additional benefits, such as fully automatic water supply and effective regulation of water flow fluctuations. They help reduce the frequency of pump starts, improving efficiency and system longevity.
There are different types of pressure tanks, each suited for specific applications. For example, enameled water tanks are suitable for low-pressure systems with pumps up to 30 meters head, although they are tested to 60 meters (without an airbag). Small tanks are often used in high-rise buildings to mitigate water hammer pressure. Large pressure tanks, on the other hand, are ideal for reducing frequent pump startups, making them essential in larger, more complex systems.
When integrating the pressure tank with a control system, it’s important to note that if only a pressure gauge is used, a pressure switch may not be necessary. However, for frequency control cabinets, a remote pressure gauge should be installed. Standard control cabinets should include both a pressure gauge and a pressure switch, ensuring proper operation. It’s crucial to match the voltage of the pressure switch with the pump—either 220V or 380V depending on the system requirements.
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