As we all know, LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamps are known for their energy efficiency and long lifespan. However, one major drawback is that most LED lights emit a cold, bluish light, which limits their appeal in indoor lighting applications.
Recently, scientists from the University of Georgia have made a breakthrough by developing what is claimed to be the world's first warm white LED lamp using just a single phosphor and a single light-emitting unit. The research was published in the latest issue of Nature’s "Physics and Applications" journal.
The lead author of the study, Associate Professor Pan Zhengwei, explained that current white LEDs are commonly used in flashlights and car headlights, but their blueish, cold light isn’t ideal for home environments. “Our new material achieves a warm color temperature while also providing accurate color rendering,†he said. “Previously, it wasn’t possible with a single phosphor.â€
Pan Zhengwei noted that there are two main factors in evaluating the quality of artificial light: correlated color temperature and color rendering index. For indoor lighting, a color temperature below 4000K is preferred, as anything above 5000K tends to appear too cool or blue. The color rendering index should be above 80 for natural-looking light; otherwise, colors may look distorted.
The new material developed by the team meets both criteria, with a correlated color temperature under 4000K and a color rendering index of 85, making it more suitable for indoor use.
According to Pan Zhengwei, traditional methods involve coating multiple phosphors on blue LED chips to create warm white light. However, this process is time-consuming, costly, and results in inconsistent lighting due to different reactions to temperature changes.
Li Xufan, a Ph.D. student at the University of Georgia and co-author of the paper, added, “Using a single phosphor helps stabilize the light output because the material doesn’t change with temperature.â€
To create the new phosphor, the researchers combined small amounts of yttrium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, and graphite powder. The mixture was heated to 1450°C in a tube furnace, where the vaporized materials deposited as yellow luminescent compounds. These were then incorporated into LED bulbs.
Although the findings are promising, Pan Zhengwei acknowledged that several challenges remain before the technology can be widely adopted. The light efficiency of the new material is currently lower than that of standard white LEDs, and scaling up production could prove difficult.
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