Restriction of steel plate joint layer gap on lossy large hardness bolt

The proposed bearing capacity correction formula takes into account the gap present at the steel plate joint surface. The study investigates the high-strength bolt friction loss caused by such gaps, particularly in the context of segmental splicing used in large boiler plate beams. From the analysis, it is evident that the number of bolts, their performance grade, and diameter significantly affect the friction force of friction-type high-strength bolts. In contrast, the influence of the thickness of both the connecting and connected plates is relatively minor. It is recommended that during similar bolting design processes, the weakening effect caused by the gap on the friction surface should be considered. Therefore, the design value formula for the bearing capacity of each friction-type high-strength bolt should be revised accordingly. The corrected formula is expressed as: **Nbv = 0.19 * nf * μ * P**, where: - **nf** is the number of force-transmitting friction surfaces, - **μ** is the anti-slip coefficient of the friction surface, - **P** is the pre-tension of a single high-strength bolt. The study also proposes an influence coefficient formula to adjust the bearing capacity design value for friction-type high-strength bolts. This formula is especially suitable for large-slab beams requiring segmental splicing and flange-type connections with double splints. In such cases, six rows of high-strength bolts are typically arranged along the width of the flanges on both sides of the web. The center-to-center distance between bolts in both length and width directions is 95 mm, and the distance from the bolt center to the edge of the plate in both directions is 65 mm. For more general scenarios—such as different numbers of bolts or varying spacing and edge distances—a similar method can be applied to derive a broader range of influence coefficients. By analyzing how the gap at the steel plate joint affects the friction force of friction-type high-strength bolts, the safety of a given bolt arrangement can be estimated when the number of bolts is fixed. This paper suggests that during the calculation of friction-type high-strength bolt connections, the reduction in friction due to joint gaps should be directly considered. When the specified conditions are met, the modified formula can be applied. For example, if the gap size falls between 110 mm and 310 mm, a gasket must still be used. This approach ensures structural integrity without increasing costs unnecessarily. In conclusion: 1) A finite element model was developed to simulate the effect of joint gaps on the friction force of friction-type high-strength bolts in the segmentation splicing of large boiler plate beams. The study provides specific quantification of the friction loss caused by joint gaps. 2) Based on the splicing of the lower flange, the research examines the effects of bolt count, performance grade, nominal diameter, and the thickness of the connected plates on the friction force. It presents specific influence values, friction loss, and variation patterns. 3) The study recommends adjusting the bearing capacity design formula for friction-type high-strength bolts used in the segmentation splicing of large boiler plate beams. The revised formula incorporates the influence of joint gaps during calculations, ensuring more accurate and safer designs.

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