The pressure tank is a key component in water systems, designed to regulate pressure fluctuations and improve system efficiency. It consists of several main parts, including the valve cover, inflation port, airbag, carbon steel tank, and flange. When connected to the water system, it functions primarily as an accumulator. When the system water pressure exceeds the nitrogen pressure inside the airbag, the water is forced into the airbag, compressing the nitrogen and reducing its volume while increasing its pressure. This process helps absorb excess water and maintain stable system pressure.
As the system pressure decreases, the nitrogen inside the airbag expands, pushing the water back into the system until a new equilibrium is reached between the water pressure and the nitrogen pressure. This continuous cycle ensures that the system remains balanced and prevents sudden pressure changes that could damage components or cause inefficiencies.
The pressure tank is pre-charged with nitrogen at the factory, and the outer surface is coated with paint for protection. The inlet and outlet ports are typically connected to the system using a tee or metal hose, while the exhaust valve allows for draining any excess water or releasing air from the system. A dedicated fill/deflate port is also provided, allowing users to add or release gas as needed. For tanks of 750L and above, this port may be located differently.
Due to its ability to regulate pressure through the airbag, the pressure tank is widely used in small-scale systems where pressure fluctuations need to be controlled. In hot water heating systems, it helps eliminate pressure variations caused by temperature changes, protecting other system components from potential damage. In variable frequency water supply systems, it reduces pressure fluctuations caused by pump start-up and shutdown, thereby decreasing the frequency of pump activation and extending its lifespan.
Additionally, pressure tanks help mitigate the water hammer effect caused by sudden valve operations, which is particularly important in residential or commercial water supply systems. They can also support fully automatic water supply and stabilize pressure variations, further enhancing system performance.
There are different types of pressure tanks, each suited for specific applications. For example, enamel water tanks are suitable for low-pressure systems with a maximum head of 30 meters, though they are tested at 60 meters and do not include an airbag. Small tanks are mainly used in high-rise buildings to reduce water hammer pressure, and they do have an airbag. Large pressure tanks are ideal for preventing frequent pump starts, making them highly effective in larger systems.
When connecting the pressure tank to a control cabinet, only a pressure gauge is required if no pressure switch is used. However, for frequency control cabinets, a remote pressure gauge is necessary. Ordinary control cabinets should be equipped with both a pressure gauge and a pressure switch, ensuring proper operation. It's important to match the voltage of the pressure switch with the pump—220V or 380V accordingly—to avoid electrical issues.
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