Sugarcane production has entered a critical period of harvesting and winter sowing. At present, the sugarcane grows well overall. In order to strengthen production guidance and ensure the safe and stable development of sugarcane, the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center and the national sugarcane industry technical system experts have researched and formulated the 2016 sugarcane. Technical guidance for production in autumn and winter. The overall requirements are: strengthen prevention of natural disasters in autumn and winter, do a good job of drought prevention, drought resistance, frost prevention, frost prevention, fire prevention, etc.; strengthen field management, focus on prevention and control of pests and diseases, rodent control; do a good job in sugar cane harvesting and scientific arrangement for the next year to promote sugarcane quality Increase efficiency.
I. Defending sugarcane natural disasters in autumn and winter
(1) Drought prevention and drought resistance. The soil water content of sugarcane field in the late stage of sugarcane production should be maintained at 60%-70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. It is essential to ensure the stable production and income increase of sugarcane. If there are irrigation conditions, when the sugar cane enters the late growth stage, the water supply should be gradually reduced, and the irrigation should be stopped two months before harvest to avoid affecting the normal maturity of sugar cane. In dryland sugarcane areas without irrigation conditions and frequent autumn drought, attention should be paid to drought prevention and drought relief work in advance, including sealing water storage after rain, sugarcane leaves covering the ditch, and reducing water evaporation.
(2) Anti-frost and antifreeze. High-latitude and high-altitude sugarcane areas are vulnerable to low-temperature frost in winter. Anti-frost and anti-freeze work should be done before winter: 1. Pay attention to weather changes in time, and harvest and store the seedlings in the next year before the frost arrives. 2. Pay attention to the management of the perennial cane, to stay in the sugarcane field of the root, do not open the ridge before the frost is over, so as to avoid freezing the root cane bud; if it is heavy frost, it should be covered with sugarcane leaves or soil; If the victim is seriously affected by the perennial strain, it should be replenished or refurbished in time. 3. After the frost, check the frost damage area and the degree of damage in a timely manner, and arrange the harvesting order reasonably. The sugarcane can be harvested first, especially if the growth point has been frozen or the heart has been necrotic.
(3) Weeding and fire prevention. In the later stage of sugarcane production, we should pay attention to fire prevention work: spraying herbicides around the sugarcane field in advance to reduce hidden dangers; do a good job in fire prevention publicity and education, and strengthen the patrol prevention of sugarcane fields; cooperate with the fire department to do fire fighting drills and always be highly vigilant.
Second, strengthen the field management of sugarcane in autumn and winter
(1) Stripping leaves to prevent falling. Stripping leaves in the late growth stage of sugar cane is conducive to ventilation and light transmission in the field. The standard of stripping is: the growth of the sugarcane plant is flourishing, the field is too large to be stripped, the pests and diseases are severely stripped, and the gas roots are to be stripped; the dry land is not stripped, and the planting is not stripped. Promote the decay of sugarcane leaves and increase soil fertility. Sugarcane is easy to fall in the late growth stage. It is necessary to actively carry out the middle-age cultivating of sugar cane, remove the old leaves, reduce the weight of the upper part of the sugarcane plant, and reduce the wind blow resistance. For the tall and easy-turned sugarcane plant, each two rows are bundled with sugarcane leaves. Triangle or herringbone to enhance support and reduce lodging.
(2) Prevention and control of pests and diseases. Combined with the insect case report, the sugarcane field with serious aphids and mites is used for centralized control by using drones for aerial spraying. Dispersion prevention and control can also be adopted. 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent is used, and sprayed to control aphids according to the instructions; 50% anti-polycarb, 5 g water 10-15 kg spray is used to control aphids. Note that smut and shoot rot are concentrated in destruction.
(3) Prevention and control of rodents. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of rodents, adopt chemical rodent control, use the sodium salt of the enemy mouse or the sodium salt of the chlortetracycline, and prepare the poison bait (poisonous valley) to eliminate the rats as required, and carry out unified prevention and treatment. In particular, due to typhoons and other sugarcane fields that fall down, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control of rodents.
Third, do a good job in sugarcane harvest management. Actively do a good job in this year's sugar cane estimation and maturity survey, comprehensive consideration of the variety of maturity, planting period, soil type and cane area transport, etc., and rationally arrange the harvesting order, so that the first cut first, then after the cut, and Try to arrange the sugarcane field to stay in the roots. Actively promote the harvesting of sugar cane machinery, cut-off harvested sugar cane should be preferentially arranged into the factory for pressing.
Fourth, do a good job of sugar cane planting next year. Actively carry out the procurement of sugarcane production varieties, reasonable planting schedule, seedlings, cultivated land preparation, fertilizer, pesticides, plastic film and other production materials. In the conditional sugarcane area, the detoxified healthy seedlings uniformly produced by sugarcane seedlings should be actively used to promote autumn and winter planting of sugarcane.
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