As we all know, LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamps are energy-efficient and have a long lifespan. However, the fact that most current LED lamps emit a blueish light has limited their widespread adoption in indoor lighting applications.
Recently, scientists at the University of Georgia have made a breakthrough by developing what is claimed to be the world’s first warm white LED lamp using just one phosphor and one light-emitting unit. The research detailing this material was published in the latest issue of the journal "Nature Physics and Applications."
The lead author of the study, Associate Professor Pan Zhengwei from the University of Georgia, explained: "Currently, white LEDs are mostly used in flashlights and car headlights, but their cold, blueish light isn’t very popular, especially for indoor use. Our new material offers a warm color temperature and accurate color rendering—something that wasn’t possible with previous single-phosphor LED technologies."
Pan Zhengwei noted that there are two main factors in evaluating the quality of artificial light: correlated color temperature and color rendering index. The former measures how warm or cool the light appears. For indoor lighting, an ideal color temperature is below 4000K; anything above 5000K tends to produce a bluish, cold light. The latter refers to how well a light source can reproduce colors compared to natural sunlight. A value above 80 is considered good for indoor use, while lower values can cause color distortion.
The new material developed by Pan Zhengwei and his team meets both criteria, with a correlated color temperature below 4000K and a color rendering index of 85.
According to Pan Zhengwei, traditional methods involve coating different phosphors on blue LED chips to create warm white light. However, this process is time-consuming, costly, and prone to inconsistencies due to varying reactions of materials to temperature changes.
One of the co-authors, Li Xufan, a Ph.D. student at the University of Georgia's School of Engineering, added: "Using a single phosphor helps stabilize the light output because it doesn’t change with temperature."
To develop this new phosphor, the team combined small amounts of yttrium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, and graphite powder. They then heated the mixture in a tube furnace at 1450 degrees Celsius. Under vacuum conditions, the vaporized materials condensed into yellow luminescent compounds, which were then placed inside an LED bulb.
Although the results are promising, Pan Zhengwei pointed out that several challenges remain before the material can be widely used in homes, offices, and schools. For instance, the light efficiency of the new material is still much lower than that of current blue-white LEDs. Additionally, scaling up production could also pose significant hurdles.
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