(1) Facility Tomato
1. Fertilization Principles
(1) Apply organic fertilizer in a rational manner, reduce the use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and increase potassium fertilizer. In non-calcium and acidic soils, it is necessary to supplement calcium, magnesium, and boron.
(2) Based on crop yield, sorghum type, and soil fertility conditions, properly allocate chemical fertilizers. Most of the phosphorus should be applied as a base fertilizer, while nitrogen and potassium are used in stages. Avoid frequent top-dressing during early spring growth; focus on post-flowering and late-stage top-dressing.
(3) Combine with high-yield cultivation techniques and follow the principle of "fewer applications" to ensure balanced and efficient fertilization.
(4) For old greenhouses with degraded soil, return crop residues to the field or apply high-organic-content fertilizers with a high C/N ratio. Reduce the amount of manure, increase crop rotation, and achieve desalination and overcome continuous cropping obstacles.
2. Fertilizer Application Rates and Proportions
(1) Apply decomposed organic fertilizer as seedling fertilizer, supplemented with phosphate fertilizer. Use 60–100 kg of well-decomposed poultry manure per 0.5 m² seedbed, 0.5–1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate. Spray 0.5%–0.1% urea solution 1–2 times based on seedling condition.
(2) Apply high-quality organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer at 2–3 m²/mu.
(3) For a production level of 4000–6000 kg/mu: N (15–20 kg/mu), P₂O₅ (8–10 kg/mu), K₂O (20–25 kg/mu). For 6000–8000 kg/mu: N (20–30 kg/mu), P₂O₅ (10–15 kg/mu), K₂O (30–35 kg/mu). For 8000–10000 kg/mu: N (30–38 kg/mu), P₂O₅ (15–20 kg/mu), K₂O (35–40 kg/mu).
More than 70% of the phosphorus should be used as a base fertilizer, with the rest applied with compound fertilizer. 20–30% of nitrogen and potassium should be used as base fertilizer, and 70–80% after flowering and ear expansion. Apply 3–10 times during this period, with no more than 5–7 kg of nitrogen per application.
(4) If the soil pH in the vegetable field is below 6, calcium, magnesium, and boron may be deficient. Apply 50–75 kg of calcium fertilizer and 4–6 kg of magnesium fertilizer per mu, and spray 0.1% boron fertilizer 2–3 times.
(2) Chili
1. Fertilization Principles
(1) Apply high-quality organic fertilizer according to local conditions.
(2) Control fertilization during the flowering stage. From the start of flowering to branching and fruit setting, avoid excessive fertilization unless plants show serious deficiency, to prevent flower and fruit drop.
(3) Apply quick-release fertilizers during the young fruit and harvesting periods to promote rapid fruit development.
(4) After transplanting peppers, control growth and apply diluted fertilizer.
(5) Avoid high-concentration fertilizers, do not top-dress wet soil, and avoid applying fertilizer during high temperatures at noon. Also, avoid over-concentrated top-dressing.
2. Fertilizer Application Rates and Proportions
(1) Apply 2–4 m²/mu of high-quality farmyard manure in one application.
(2) For a production level below 2000 kg/mu: N (10–12 kg/mu), P₂O₅ (3–4 kg/mu), K₂O (8–10 kg/mu). For 2000–4000 kg/mu: N (15–18 kg/mu), P₂O₅ (4–5 kg/mu), K₂O (10–12 kg/mu). For 4000 kg/mu: N (18–22 kg/mu), P₂O₅ (5–6 kg/mu), K₂O (13–15 kg/mu).
(3) 20–30% of total nitrogen is used as base fertilizer, 70–80% as top-dressing. Phosphorus is fully used as base fertilizer. 50–60% of potassium is used as base fertilizer, and 40–50% as top-dressing.
(4) During the middle growth stage, spray 500-times diluted foliar boron and calcium fertilizer to prevent pepper umbilical rot.
(3) Facility Cucumber
1. Fertilization Principles
(1) Add organic fertilizer, recommend using high-quality compost, emphasize the use of straw-based compost, limit poultry manure, and implement a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers with straw returning.
(2) Consider soil fertility and organic fertilizer application when adjusting nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels.
(3) Use reasonable irrigation techniques and follow the principle of small number of irrigations and fertilizations.
(4) Avoid frequent top-dressing in the seedling stage after planting. Apply nitrogen and potassium in stages, in fewer amounts, avoid high-phosphorus compound fertilizers, and focus on top-dressing during mid and late stages.
(5) If soil acidification is severe, apply an appropriate amount of lime or other acid soil conditioners.
2. Fertilizer Application Rates and Proportions
(1) Apply decomposed organic fertilizer for seedlings, supplement with phosphate fertilizer. Use 60–100 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per 10 m² seedbed, 0.5–1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate. Spray 0.05%–0.1% urea solution 1–2 times depending on seedling condition.
(2) Apply 3–4 m²/mu of high-quality organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer.
(3) For a production level of 14000–16000 kg/mu: N (45–50 kg/mu), P₂O₅ (20–25 kg/mu), K₂O (40–45 kg/mu).
(4) For 11000–14000 kg/mu: N (37–45 kg/mu), P₂O₅ (17–20 kg/mu), K₂O (35–40 kg/mu).
(5) For 7000–11000 kg/mu: N (30–37 kg/mu), P₂O₅ (12–16 kg/mu), K₂O (30–35 kg/mu).
(6) For 4000–7000 kg/mu: N (20–28 kg/mu), P₂O₅ (8–11 kg/mu), K₂O (25–30 kg/mu).
If drip fertigation is used, reduce fertilizer by 20%. If flooding is used, increase fertilizer by 10–20% per application.
All organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are used as base fertilizers. Nitrogen and potassium are applied in 6–11 times during the growing season, with each application not exceeding 5 kg/mu. Winter and spring sorghum require 6–7 top-dressings, while wintering sorghum needs 10–11 top-dressings.
Expert Group on Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture
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