(1) Facility Tomato
1. Fertilization Principles
(1) Apply organic fertilizer in a rational manner, reduce the use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and increase potassium fertilizer. For non-calcium and acidic soils, it is necessary to supplement calcium, magnesium, and boron.
(2) Based on crop yield, sorghum type, and soil fertility, allocate chemical fertilizers appropriately. Most of the phosphorus should be applied as base fertilizer, while nitrogen and potassium are applied in stages. Avoid frequent top-dressing during early spring growth, and focus on post-flowering and late-stage top-dressing.
(3) Combine with high-yield cultivation techniques and follow the "small number of applications" principle to ensure balanced fertilization.
(4) In old greenhouses with degraded soil, return crop residues to the field or apply high-organic-content fertilizers with a high C/N ratio. Reduce the amount of manure and increase the rotation cycle to help desalt the soil and reduce continuous cropping obstacles.
2. Fertilizer Application Rates and Proportions
(1) Add decomposed organic fertilizer for seedlings, along with phosphate fertilizer. Apply 60–100 kg of well-decomposed poultry manure per 0.5 m² of seedbed, 0.5–1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate. Spray a 0.5%–0.1% urea solution 1–2 times depending on seedling condition.
(2) Apply high-quality organic fertilizer as base fertilizer at 2–3 m² per mu.
(3) For a production level of 4000–6000 kg/mu: N 15–20 kg/mu, P₂O₅ 8–10 kg/mu, K₂O 20–25 kg/mu; for 6000–8000 kg/mu: N 20–30 kg/mu, P₂O₅ 10–15 kg/mu, K₂O 30–35 kg/mu; for 8000–10000 kg/mu: N 30–38 kg/mu, P₂O₅ 15–20 kg/mu, K₂O 35–40 kg/mu. More than 70% of the phosphorus should be used as base fertilizer, with the rest applied as compound fertilizer. Use 20%–30% of nitrogen and potassium as base fertilizer, and 70%–80% after flowering until ear expansion. Apply 3–10 times through irrigation, with each application of nitrogen not exceeding 5–7 kg/mu.
(4) When the soil pH is below 6, apply 50–75 kg/mu of calcium fertilizer and 4–6 kg/mu of magnesium fertilizer. Spray 2–3 times with 0.1% boron fertilizer.
(2) Chili
1. Fertilization Principles
(1) Apply high-quality organic fertilizer based on local conditions.
(2) Control fertilization during the flowering period. From the start of flowering to branching and fruit setting, avoid excessive fertilization unless there is a severe deficiency, to prevent flower and fruit drop.
(3) Apply quick-acting fertilizer during the young fruit stage and harvesting period to promote fruit development.
(4) After transplanting, encourage controlled growth and apply diluted fertilizer.
(5) Avoid high-concentration fertilizers, do not apply top-dressing on wet soil, and avoid applying fertilizer during hot midday hours.
2. Fertilizer Application Rates and Proportions
(1) Apply 2–4 m² of high-quality farmyard manure per mu in one application.
(2) For a production level below 2000 kg/mu: N 10–12 kg/mu, P₂O₅ 3–4 kg/mu, K₂O 8–10 kg/mu; for 2000–4000 kg/mu: N 15–18 kg/mu, P₂O₅ 4–5 kg/mu, K₂O 10–12 kg/mu; for 4000 kg/mu: N 18–22 kg/mu, P₂O₅ 5–6 kg/mu, K₂O 13–15 kg/mu.
(3) Use 20%–30% of total nitrogen as base fertilizer, 70%–80% as top-dressing. Phosphorus is fully used as base fertilizer. Potassium: 50%–60% as base fertilizer, 40%–50% as top-dressing.
(4) During the middle growth stage, spray foliar boron and calcium fertilizer at 500 times dilution to prevent pepper umbilical rot.
(3) Facility Cucumber
1. Fertilization Principles
(1) Add organic fertilizer, advocate the use of high-quality compost, pay attention to using straw-based compost, and limit the use of poultry manure. Implement the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers and straw returning.
(2) Consider soil fertility and the amount of organic fertilizer applied, and adjust the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accordingly.
(3) Adopt appropriate irrigation techniques and follow the principle of small number of irrigation and fertilization applications.
(4) Avoid frequent top-dressing during the seedling stage. Apply nitrogen and potassium in stages, with fewer applications, avoid high-phosphorus compound fertilizers, and focus on top-dressing during the middle and late growth stages.
(5) If soil acidification is serious, apply an acidic soil conditioner like lime in appropriate amounts.
2. Fertilizer Application Rates and Proportions
(1) During seedling incubation, increase the use of decomposed organic fertilizer and add phosphate fertilizer. Apply 60–100 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per 10 m² seedbed, 0.5–1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate. Spray 0.05%–0.1% urea solution 1–2 times according to seedling condition.
(2) Apply 3–4 m² of high-quality organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu.
(3) For a production level of 14000–16000 kg/mu: N 45–50 kg/mu, P₂O₅ 20–25 kg/mu, K₂O 40–45 kg/mu.
(4) For 11000–14000 kg/mu: N 37–45 kg/mu, P₂O₅ 17–20 kg/mu, K₂O 35–40 kg/mu.
(5) For 7000–11000 kg/mu: N 30–37 kg/mu, P₂O₅ 12–16 kg/mu, K₂O 30–35 kg/mu.
(6) For 4000–7000 kg/mu: N 20–28 kg/mu, P₂O₅ 8–11 kg/mu, K₂O 25–30 kg/mu.
If drip fertigation is used, reduce fertilizer by 20%. If flooding is used, increase fertilizer by 10%–20% per application. All organic and phosphate fertilizers should be used as base fertilizer. Control nitrogen and potassium during early flowering. Apply nitrogen and potassium in 6–11 times during the growing season. Each time, do not exceed 5 kg/mu of nitrogen. Winter and spring sorghum should have 6–7 top-dressings, while wintering sorghum requires 10–11 top-dressings.
Expert Group on Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture
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