The earliest excavators were manually operated, and they have been around for over 130 years since their invention. Over time, these machines evolved from steam-powered bucket rotary excavators to electric and internal combustion engine-driven models. This gradual progress led to the development of hydraulic excavators, which marked a major turning point in the industry. The first hydraulic excavator was introduced by Poclain, a French company. Thanks to the use of hydraulic technology, the 1940s saw the emergence of suspended excavators equipped with hydraulic backhoes attached to tractors. In 1951, Poclain launched the world's first fully hydraulic backhoe excavator, setting a new standard in excavation technology.
By the early to mid-1950s, both trailer-mounted full-turn hydraulic excavators and crawler-type full hydraulic excavators began to emerge. These early models used hydraulic systems inspired by aircraft and machine tools, but they lacked the specialized components needed for the demanding conditions of construction sites. Manufacturing quality was inconsistent, and the supporting parts were incomplete. However, starting in the 1960s, hydraulic excavators entered a period of rapid growth and widespread adoption. More manufacturers began producing them, and the variety and output of excavators increased dramatically. Between 1968 and 1970, hydraulic excavators accounted for as much as 83% of total excavator production, nearing almost 100% in some regions.
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