Fire extinguishing and rescue precautions in winter cold conditions

Abstract: The rapid economic development and urbanization continue to promote our country's size and the number of cities in the rapid expansion of urban sprawl at the same time also to breathe new life into the economy is not a small challenge for the city fire safety belts, good city fire Safeguarding the healthy and stable development of the city is the focus of fire protection work today and in the future. The winter is the frequent occurrence of fire accidents, coupled with the harsh weather environment, which has brought a lot of difficulty to firefighting. This article analyzes how to do a good job of winter firefighting based on the analysis of the difficulties faced by winter firefighting.

Keywords: winter; firefighting; weather; rescue; fire fighting

The winter is a frequent occurrence of fire accidents. During this period, most of China's regions have entered a season of drought and low rainfall, followed by the bad weather of low temperature, haze, etc., which poses no small challenges for fire safety in winter. In winter, low temperature and rain and fog will cause certain impact on firefighting, rescue, and firefighting. To solve this problem, we must take targeted measures to solve the issues that are faced by the winter fire safety analysis and effectively protect the fire safety in winter.

1 . Analysis of Characteristics of Fire Accidents in Winter

Through statistical analysis of past winter fire safety accidents, it was found that fire safety accidents in winter have the following characteristics:

(1) Winter is a high incidence of fire accidents. During the winter, most of our country has entered a cooling period. In winter, residents use fire and electricity, and a large number of open fire and high-use electrical appliances are also used for fire safety. There is a huge potential safety hazard. A little carelessness can lead to a fire accident. In addition, the use of fire and electricity in some factories during the production of winter plants is significantly increased. Long-term and complicated heat transmission will cause the equipment to generate heat and cause the equipment to overheat and eventually lead to fire accidents. In addition, fireworks and firecrackers and incense burning in various locations during the Spring Festival are safety hazards in winter fire safety accidents.

(2) The winter fire accidents are due to the high dryness of the combustibles around the air-drying and fire points, which can cause the fire to spread rapidly along the flammables and cause serious impacts. In addition, the low temperature in winter, the large temperature difference formed inside and outside the fire field easily leads to strong gas convection in the fire field, which makes the speed of oxygen supplementation in the surrounding of the fire field speed up and encourage the spread of fire.

2 . Difficulty in extinguishing fire in winter

The harsh natural environment in winter can cause a lot of difficulties in fire extinguishing:

(1) Because of the low temperature in winter, fire officers and soldiers need to wear heavy warm clothing to resist extreme cold. Heavy clothing will cause firefighters to bloat, which is not conducive to rapid movements and fire extinguishing operations during fire extinguishing. In addition, as in the process of fire extinguishing, Failure to do so in the heat preservation measures will most likely lead to frostbite firefighters.

(2) Winter cold weather will cause slippery and icy roads. In addition, rain, fog and haze will seriously affect the driver’s field of vision and driving speed. As a result, the speed at which fire brigade soldiers rush to the fire is greatly reduced. In the case of a weak fire, the fire extinguishing operation was completed, thereby delaying the precious time of the fire rescue.

(3) In the process of fire rescue, the low temperature in winter will cause the surface and the surface of the building to be slippery. In addition, the water spray performed by fire extinguishing will easily cause the fire officers and soldiers to be greatly affected by the action in the fire field and the surrounding area of ​​the fire. Makes fire brigade soldiers fall and fall accidents.

(4) In winter, the weather is cold, and the units and individuals are strict in sealing the building to keep warm. When the fire occurs, the enclosed space is not conducive to the evacuation of the people and the entry of firefighters and fire fighting equipment . In addition, the dense thermal protection is also It is not conducive to the firefighters' fire fighting and demolition.

3 . Precautions for doing a good job of winter rescue and fire fighting

Due to the wide range of winter fires and great harm, fire fighting units at all levels should strengthen their combat readiness and prepare for starting at any time for the purpose of winter rescue and fire fighting operations. In order to perform good fire extinguishing operations in severe winter weather conditions, fire protection units at all levels should pay close attention to the weather conditions on the day and fully understand and master the adverse weather and adverse weather spread in the city, so that fire and rescue may occur. The difficulties are to be fully prepared. In addition, we must actively strengthen the preparations for the preparation of fire officers and soldiers and the training of fire extinguishing operations in cold winter conditions so that the fire officers and soldiers can fully prepare themselves for the fire prevention work under cold conditions in winter and pass them. The relevant training enhances the firefighters' proficiency in the use of fire-fighting equipment and related anti-freeze methods for various years under severe cold conditions in winter so that all levels of fire officers and soldiers can complete timely and accurately the emergency rescue, rescue and fire fighting operations in severe cold conditions in winter. Fire extinguishing task. In addition, the protection of vehicles, personnel, equipment, and other facilities and equipment should be done in response to the fire extinguishing operations in the cold winter conditions.

In winter cold conditions, in the event of a fire accident, due to the dry weather and the surrounding flammable materials, etc., the fire will spread quickly and cause serious loss of personnel and property. In the winter cold fire extinguishing operations, officers and soldiers receiving fire brigade shall rush to the fire site in time, and apply for rescue in time according to the conditions of the fire site, so as to control the fire in the shortest possible time to avoid further damage, and they shall be evacuated in the process of fire rescue. People in the fire and rescue trapped people. At the initial stage of the fire, due to the large number of fire scenes, and many trapped people were unable to know the fire accident at the first time, they could not withdraw in time. After the fire officers and soldiers rushed to the scene of the fire, they should promptly organize the withdrawal of fire scene personnel. When an organization member withdraws, he should promptly notify the exporter, the safe passageway, and the personnel in the most unfavorable area to withdraw from the fire, and then rescue the trapped person inside the building. For the trapped personnel of the complex situation, the fire officers and soldiers should organize the staff well. Wearing rescue equipment to penetrate the fire inside the implementation of the personnel under the cover of the water gun rescue. In the case of fire extinguishing and rescue in cold winter conditions, fire officers and soldiers at all levels should actively protect the fire to prevent further spread of fire. When internal attacks are carried out, they should be analyzed on the basis of analysis of the spread of fire and the layout of the building. The selection of offensive and withdrawal lines divided fire officers and soldiers into several fire extinguishing teams, and rationalized and fully utilized the fire protection facilities inside the building to build a further spread of the delay line of fire, and then organized the fire officers and soldiers on the basis of rational deployment and consolidation of fire defense lines. Fire extinguishing operations are completed and fire sites are promptly investigated after completion of the fire extinguishing operation to avoid hidden dangers. In the winter when water guns are used to carry out fire extinguishing operations, the firewater supply is easily frozen due to low weather temperature. Therefore, during the firefighting operation, attention should be paid to the water supply to the firefighting fires, so that the firefighting vehicles and the water supply equipment can be organically combined to carry out firefighting in the buildings. During the operation, the fire water source in the building shall be used for water supply in a timely manner. When the outdoor fire extinguishing operation is performed, the outside air temperature is low, and the direct water supply should be used to protect the fire water supply.

DC water gun

When fire-fighting operations are performed in cold conditions in winter, fire officers and soldiers at all levels should do a good job of protecting fire safety and keeping warm. If the fire is more intense and the fire-extinguishing time is longer, firefighters and commanders must be promptly organized to properly replace the replacement fire extinguishing operations, and provide firefighters with food and cold clothes in time to avoid the firemen's frostbite. Water gunners should wear fire-fighting gloves to avoid frostbite when using water guns to extinguish the fire . Due to the cold of winter, the use of water jets to directly spray the body to cool down the body may cause frostbite. Therefore, this should be avoided. In the cold winter conditions, the surface of the building is slippery. The personnel who perform firefighting and rescue at high altitude or on the roof should do appropriate safety protection. By using non-skid measures or safety belts, etc., fire officers and soldiers will not slip or fall. Personal injury. In the cold winter conditions, the firefighting operation is heavy and the firefighting operation takes a long time. The firefighting officers and soldiers must be protected under complex conditions to ensure the safety of the fire officers and soldiers. In addition, in the winter cold fire fighting operations, a three-level network communication network shall be established for the fire command site, and communication links shall be established with the fire command center in a timely manner through the communication network. Pay attention to the communication and coordination with the medical rescue center. In the fire rescue under cold conditions in winter, for large-scale fire extinguishing operations, the strength of an urban rescue center should be applied in time to the scene for on-site rescue. In case of a fire accident, organizations should be organized to send the wounded and wounded fire officers and soldiers to nearby hospitals for treatment at the earliest opportunity. Cold conditions in winter Due to the low ambient temperature, in order to avoid the impact of low temperature on the work of fire protection facilities, pumps should be started frequently and cold-proof equipment should be installed in the pump, suction and return water systems to enhance the stability of the equipment. In addition, in the process of rushing to the fire in the winter cold conditions, attention must be paid to keeping the fire officers and soldiers warm and safe in order to avoid unnecessary damage. After completing the fire extinguishing work, we must do a good job of recovering the fire-fighting equipment, try to exhaust the remaining water in the fire-fighting equipment, and do a good job in inventorying various types of equipment.

Fire gloves

Conclusion

The fire-fighting fire extinguishing work in cold conditions in winter has a large amount of tasks and complicated conditions, which makes it difficult to extinguish the fire. This article analyzes the precautions in the fire-fighting operation based on the analysis of the difficulties faced by cold conditions in winter.

This article from "China's new technology and new products" in 2017 the third period, re-edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.