Pneumatic measuring instruments, also known as pneumatic gauges, are advanced length-measuring tools widely used in the mechanical manufacturing industry. These instruments operate based on a comparative measurement principle, where length signals are converted into gas flow or pressure signals for accurate readings. There are two main types: the buoy-type pneumatic gauge, which uses a floating indicator in a graduated glass tube, and the electronic column-type pneumatic gauge, which converts air signals into electrical signals using a gas-to-electric converter.
The working principle of pneumatic measuring instruments involves using compressed air as a medium to measure dimensions by detecting changes in airflow or pressure within a pipe. As the geometry of the pipe changes due to the measured object, the resulting flow or pressure variations are used to determine size or shape parameters. These instruments are categorized into flow-type, pressure-type, and flow-rate-type based on their working mechanisms. Among them, pressure-type gauges are often preferred for active measurements because they can easily transmit signals, while flow-type and flow-rate-type gauges are more suitable for static measurements and are commonly used during production processes.
Pneumatic measuring instruments offer numerous advantages, making them popular in industrial settings. First, they can measure a wide range of parameters, including length, shape, and position errors—especially those that are difficult to measure with traditional mechanical tools, such as the inner diameter of small holes, narrow grooves, or thin-walled components. Second, these instruments have high magnification, minimal human error, and no mechanical friction, eliminating backlash issues. Third, they are easy to operate, provide clear readings, and allow continuous measurements, making it simple to check if a part meets specifications.
Additionally, since the measuring head does not come into direct contact with the surface being measured, there is less risk of damaging the workpiece, making them ideal for soft or delicate materials. The non-contact nature also reduces wear on the measuring head, extending its lifespan. Moreover, the ability to connect the main unit to the measuring probe via a hose enables remote measurements, enhancing flexibility.
Pneumatic measuring instruments can be used for various applications, such as measuring inner and outer diameters, groove widths, hole distances, depth, thickness, roundness, taper, concentricity, straightness, flatness, parallelism, perpendicularity, air permeability, and tightness. When selecting a pneumatic gauge, the choice depends on the dimensional tolerance of the part being measured. For example, a 10,000x magnification gauge is suitable for tolerances between 0.006 mm and 0.012 mm, while a 5,000x gauge is appropriate for tolerances between 0.012 mm and 0.025 mm.
These instruments are commonly used in industries where precision and efficiency are critical. They are particularly useful for measuring inner and outer diameters using two-nozzle probes, checking straightness through dynamic measurements, assessing flatness by moving the workpiece against an air nozzle, and evaluating verticality by monitoring backpressure changes. Pneumatic gauges are also effective for measuring slot widths, special round surfaces, tapers, and even determining clearance between two parts.
In summary, pneumatic measuring instruments combine accuracy, versatility, and ease of use, making them an essential tool in modern manufacturing. Their non-contact design, high precision, and adaptability to various applications ensure they remain a valuable asset in quality control and inspection processes.
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