21 Ways to Escape Self-protection in Fire

1. How to use a dry powder fire extinguisher: The method is similar to that of a carbon dioxide extinguisher, but it's important to shake the extinguisher upside down several times before use to loosen the powder inside. When using an ABC dry powder extinguisher to fight solid fires, aim the nozzle at the most intense part of the fire and sweep it from side to side, ensuring even coverage of the burning material until the fire is fully extinguished. Due to the cooling effect of the powder, be cautious of re-ignition after the fire is out.

2. Fire-fighting methods for household appliances: First, immediately cut off the power by unplugging the device or turning off the main switch. If only sparks are visible, the fire may self-extinguish once the power is removed. If wires or electrical enclosures catch fire, cover the area with a wet quilt or blanket to smother the flames. Avoid using water on devices like TVs, as it can damage the screen. Never use damaged equipment without repairs to prevent electric shocks or further fires.

3. Computer fire rescue: Even if the computer is turned off or unplugged, internal components remain hot and may still ignite or emit toxic gases. The screen or cathode ray tube could also explode. In case of smoke or fire, unplug the device or turn off the main switch, then cover the computer with a wet carpet or blanket to prevent smoke spread and glass fragments. Do not pour water directly on the computer, as sudden temperature changes could cause the CRT to burst. Also, avoid touching the internal parts and approach from the side or back after the fire is out.

4. Preventing home fires: Avoid DIY wiring, do not litter cigarette butts, don’t smoke in bed, and avoid reading with candles under mosquito nets. Do not burn waste or use mosquito coils without proper precautions. Keep flammable materials away, avoid high-power appliances like electric stoves or air conditioners, and never use alcohol stoves or gas cookers indoors. Always check for burnt smells or faulty wiring, and keep lamps away from bedding.

5. Correct use of the “119” emergency number: Stay calm when calling, clearly state the location, type of fire, and your name and phone number. Send someone to meet the firefighters at the intersection to guide them. Early alarms help save lives and reduce damage.

6. Causes of fire accidents include arson, electrical faults, careless use of fire, smoking, lightning, and natural disasters like earthquakes or strong winds.

7. A fire is an uncontrolled burning process that causes damage in time and space.

8. Fire classification: - Class A: Solid combustible materials (wood, paper). - Class B: Flammable liquids and molten solids (gasoline, wax). - Class C: Flammable gases (propane, methane). - Class D: Combustible metals (sodium, magnesium).

9. Fire extinguishing agents depend on the fire type: - Class A: Water, foam, ammonium phosphate dry powder. - Class B: Dry powder, foam (avoid chemical or anti-solvent foams for polar solvents). - Class C: Dry powder, carbon dioxide. - Class D: Special agents like 7150, sand, or soil.

10. Don’t open doors or windows during a fire. Closing them limits oxygen supply, slowing fire spread. Opening them allows fresh air to fuel the fire, increasing risk of suffocation.

11. Escape methods: Use ladders, building passages, self-made tools, safe areas, or nearby fire equipment. Avoid elevators.

12. If your clothes catch fire, remove them quickly or roll on the ground to smother the flames. Avoid running. If possible, jump into water, but avoid sewage to prevent infection.

13. Do not use elevators during a fire. Power failures may trap people, and smoke can enter elevator shafts, causing suffocation.

14. Self-rescue tips: Don’t waste time on belongings. Evacuate through safe exits or stairs. Avoid smashing windows or using elevators.

15. Fire prevention principles: Stop the three conditions of combustion—fuel, heat, and oxygen—and control their interaction.

16. Fire prevention measures: - Control combustibles by replacing them with non-flammable materials. - Isolate fuels from oxidizers. - Eliminate fire sources like open flames or static electricity. - Prevent fire spread by blocking access to vulnerable areas.

17. Fire extinguishing principles: Destroy existing combustion conditions or stop the chain reaction to control and reduce damage.

18. Fire extinguishing methods: - Suffocation: Cut off oxygen (e.g., using foam). - Suppression: Interrupt the chemical reaction (e.g., dry powder). - Cooling: Lower temperature below ignition point (e.g., water). - Isolation: Remove burning materials from surrounding fuels.

19. Common fire extinguishers: Foam, COâ‚‚, and dry powder.

20. Why water isn’t always effective: - Alkali metals (like sodium) react violently with water, causing explosions. - Carbides and hydrides release heat when exposed to water. - Flammable liquids (like oil) float on water and can spread. - Molten metal (steel) reacts with water, causing explosions. - Strong acids shouldn’t be hit directly with water; spray only. - High-voltage electrical fires should not be put out with water unless properly grounded.

21. How to use a COâ‚‚ extinguisher: Pull the pin, press the handle, and direct the nozzle at the base of the fire. Be sure to wear gloves to avoid frostbite. For electrical fires over 600 volts, turn off the power first.