21 Ways to Escape Self-protection in Fire

1. How to use a dry powder fire extinguisher: The process is similar to using a carbon dioxide extinguisher, but before use, shake the extinguisher several times to loosen the powder inside. When fighting solid fires with an ABC dry powder extinguisher, aim the nozzle at the most intense part of the fire and sweep it from side to side, ensuring even coverage of the burning material until the fire is fully extinguished. Due to the cooling effect of the powder, be cautious of re-ignition after the fire is out.

2. Methods for dealing with household appliance fires:

• Immediately turn off the power by unplugging the device or switching off the main circuit breaker. If only sparks are visible, the fire may go out on its own once power is cut.
• If wires or electrical casings catch fire, cover the source with a wet quilt or blanket to smother the flames.
• Avoid using water, especially on TVs, to prevent damage to internal components.
• Never attempt to use the appliance again without professional repair to avoid electric shocks or further fires.

3. Computer fire rescue method: Even if you shut down or unplug the computer, internal components can remain extremely hot, potentially causing flames or toxic fumes. In such cases, immediately unplug the device or switch off the main power. Cover the computer with a wet carpet or blanket to prevent smoke spread and screen shattering. Do not pour water directly onto the computer, as sudden temperature changes can cause the cathode-ray tube to explode. Also, avoid touching the casing and wait for the fire to subside before approaching from the side or back.

4. Preventing home fires:

• Do not wire electrical systems yourself.
• Do not discard cigarette butts carelessly.
• Never smoke in bed.
• Avoid reading under mosquito nets with candles.
• Do not burn trash or use incense coils without proper precautions.
• Do not store flammable or explosive items.
• Avoid using high-power appliances like electric heaters or air conditioners without supervision.
• Do not cook with alcohol stoves or gas cookers indoors.
• Report any unusual smells from wires or rubber promptly.
• Keep lamps away from bedding and pillows.

5. Correct use of the "119" emergency number: Stay calm, clearly state the location, type of fire, and your contact information when calling. Send someone to meet the fire trucks at the intersection to guide them. Early reporting helps save time and reduce damage.

The fire alarm number is: Fire: 119

6. Common causes of fire accidents include arson, electrical faults, careless use of fire, smoking, lightning strikes, and natural disasters.

7. A fire is an uncontrolled burning process that causes damage in time and space.

8. Fire classification based on materials:

• Class A: Solid combustible materials (e.g., wood, paper).
• Class B: Flammable liquids and molten solids (e.g., gasoline, wax).
• Class C: Flammable gases (e.g., propane, methane).
• Class D: Combustible metals (e.g., potassium, magnesium).

9. Selecting the right fire extinguishing agent:

• Use water, foam, or ammonium phosphate dry powder for Class A fires.
• Use dry powder or foam for Class B fires. Avoid chemical foam or anti-solvent foam for polar solvents.
• Use dry powder or carbon dioxide for Class C fires.
• Use 7150 extinguishing agents or sand for Class D fires.

10. Avoid opening doors and windows during a fire: This allows fresh air to enter, fueling the fire and increasing the risk of smoke inhalation and suffocation.

11. Fire escape methods include using ladders, building passages, self-made equipment, finding safe zones, and using nearby fire-fighting tools.

12. If your body catches fire, remove clothing quickly or roll on the ground to suffocate the flames. Avoid running. If possible, jump into water, but avoid contaminated sources to prevent infection.

13. Never use elevators during a fire: Power failure may trap people, and smoke can enter the elevator shaft, posing serious risks.

14. Self-rescue during a fire: Do not waste time retrieving belongings. Evacuate through safe exits and avoid using elevators.

15. The basic principle of fire prevention is to prevent the formation of combustion conditions and stop the three elements of fire from combining.

16. Key fire prevention measures:

• Control combustibles by replacing flammable materials with non-combustible ones.
• Isolate combustibles from oxygen or oxidizers.
• Eliminate fire sources such as open flames or static electricity.
• Prevent fire spread by isolating dangerous areas.

17. The basic principle of fire extinguishing is to destroy existing combustion conditions or stop the chain reaction to control and minimize damage.

18. Common fire extinguishing methods:

• Suffocation: Cut off oxygen supply using foam or blankets.
• Chemical interruption: Use dry powder to stop free radical reactions.
• Cooling: Apply water to lower the temperature below the ignition point.
• Isolation: Remove burning materials from surrounding combustibles.

19. Common fire extinguishers: Foam, carbon dioxide, and dry powder extinguishers.

20. Water should not be used in certain situations:

• Alkali metals (like potassium and sodium) react violently with water, causing explosions.
• Carbides and hydrides also react with water, generating heat and potential fire.
• Flammable liquids that are less dense than water cannot be extinguished with water.
• Molten metal (e.g., steel) reacts with water, creating hydrogen and oxygen, which can lead to explosions.
• Acids like sulfuric acid should not be hit with direct water streams.
• High-voltage electrical equipment should not be sprayed with water unless properly grounded.

21. How to use a carbon dioxide extinguisher: Pull the safety pin, press the handle, and aim at the base of the fire. Be sure to wear gloves to avoid frostbite, and ensure the power is turned off if the voltage exceeds 600 volts.