In order to ensure high-quality and high-yield corn production, proper fertilization is essential. The recommended approach is the "two heads and light middle" strategy, which involves applying heavy base fertilizer, using a light amount of seedling fertilizer, skillfully applying stalk fertilizer, and providing a vigorous dose of ear fertilizer. This method ensures that nutrients are delivered at key growth stages, maximizing both yield and quality.
The base fertilizer should be applied in significant quantities, with 2,500 kg of manure per mu, along with 400–600 kg of water-based manure. Additionally, 14–20 kg of urea and 30 kg of phosphate fertilizer should be included. Combining organic and inorganic sources ensures a balanced supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Typically, the base fertilizer makes up around 35% of the total fertilizer application.
When the corn has developed 3–5 leaves after transplanting, it's time to apply a light seedling fertilizer. This should be based on soil fertility and the amount of base fertilizer already used. A quick-acting fertilizer such as 100 kg of well-decomposed manure water mixed with 3–4 kg of urea is ideal. This step helps promote healthy early growth and accounts for approximately 10% of the total fertilizer needs.
Stalk fertilizer should be applied when the corn has 7–8 leaves or when it reaches 10–11 leaves. A mixture of about 10 tons of water and manure, along with 2–3 kg of potassium fertilizer and 8 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, is recommended. This stage is crucial for strengthening the stalks and supporting robust plant development. It typically accounts for about 15% of the total fertilization.
For the ear fertilizer, the best time to apply it is when the tassels begin to appear or when the top of the plant is just beginning to show signs of ear formation. Weak plants should receive this fertilizer earlier, while stronger ones can have it slightly delayed. A typical mix includes 30–40 kg of water, 25 kg of ammonium carbonate, and 25–35 kg of superphosphate. This final application supports ear development and increases overall yield.
By following these carefully timed and measured steps, farmers can significantly improve their corn harvests while maintaining soil health and sustainability.
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