The construction of the technology node plays a critical role in the overall structure of a space grid system. As one of the most essential components, it directly influences the mechanical performance of the entire grid, as well as the efficiency of production, installation, cost control, and project scheduling. Because of its significant impact, the design and analysis of nodes have always been a central focus in the study of grid structures.
One widely used type is the welded hollow bolt joint, which combines the advantages of both bolted ball joints and hollow spherical joints. This joint consists of a hemispherical shell, a cylindrical shell, and a cover plate. Bolt holes are drilled into the housing, allowing high-strength bolts to connect all the members of the grid. The design offers several benefits, including lightweight construction and lower machining requirements, making it particularly suitable for double-layer flat grids where roof slope and on-site assembly are important considerations.
This type of joint has considerable spatial flexibility and provides excellent economic value. Its main components include a thick-walled shell with a regular shape, a cover plate, high-strength bolts, inner and outer washers, and a conical head. The size of the spherical shell is determined based on the dimensions of the other parts. Typically, the spherical part is a small hemisphere with a radius larger than that of the cylindrical section, and the end of the cylinder is cut to facilitate easier installation.
Most parts—such as the shell, cover plate, and washers—are manufactured in the factory, enabling efficient mass production and consistent quality control. The conical head and steel pipe are also welded together in the factory before being transported to the site, which simplifies on-site assembly. However, the interaction between the housing and the cover plate remains a complex issue. The way these two parts are connected significantly affects the load-bearing capacity of the joint. To simplify manufacturing, they are usually welded together, taking full advantage of the cover plate's restraining effect on the housing.
The connection also offers good sealing properties, helping to prevent corrosion and rust, especially on the inner side of the housing. For roof applications, where the upper node is covered upward, it makes it easier to lay roofing materials and adjust the slope, further improving construction convenience. Overall, the welded hollow bolt joint represents an efficient and practical solution for modern space grid systems.
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