Cymbidium orchids thrive in high humidity, so consistent watering is essential throughout the year. Young plants should be watered less to avoid overwatering. In winter and early spring, water once daily, while from early summer to late autumn, water twice a day—once before 8 a.m. and again before 5 p.m. During the growing season, mist the leaves daily to maintain optimal moisture levels. For fertilization, use a diluted liquid fertilizer at 0.02% concentration, or mix fermented oil-based organic fertilizer with bone meal or superphosphate to create 2 cm pellets that slowly release nutrients as water penetrates. Apply a 0.1–0.2% compound fertilizer once a week along with regular watering.
Cymbidium fuliginea requires ample indirect light. In summer and autumn, provide about 50% shade using a shading net. In cloudy weather or during winter and spring, remove the net to allow direct sunlight. However, during flowering, place the orchid in a lower-light area to encourage vibrant blooms.
Propagation is best done through offsets (ramets). These typically develop after flowering, and the plant enters a short dormancy period before new growth appears. Before separating the ramets, allow them to dry slightly until the roots are white and soft. Vigorous plants usually produce one set of ramets every 2–3 years. Each cutting should include 2–3 pseudobulbs, with at least one being newly formed the previous year. To prevent infection, dust the cut ends with sulfur or activated charcoal, let them dry for 1–2 days, then plant them separately to form new plants.
After planting, keep the orchid in a semi-shaded area and avoid immediate watering. Mist the foliage and pot surface lightly if dry to prevent leaf loss and pseudobulb shrinkage. Water only when new roots appear at the base of the new shoot. Use a potting mix consisting of 2 parts fern root, 1 part charcoal, or 1.5–2 cm bark, and add broken bricks or charcoal for better drainage. Choose pots with a diameter of 15–20 cm, placing 2–4 seedlings per pot. Maintain high humidity, especially during spring, summer, and autumn, by regularly spraying water.
After flowering in early spring, reduce watering during the short dormancy period. Increase watering when new shoots develop longer roots. Large-flowered Cymbidium varieties require more nutrients, so strengthen fertilization during the growing season. Mix fermented cake fertilizer with 1/3 clay to make 2 cm balls, which can be used after drying. When watering, ensure thorough saturation without leaving standing water in the pot.
For home cultivation, use pots no larger than 25 cm in diameter, with 3–4 mature orchids per pot. After two years, increase to 8–9 plants. Always leave 3–4 plants per pot. Propagate using old pseudobulbs found beneath the pot. For larger orchids, use pots with a diameter of 30 cm or more, ensuring a proper drainage layer of at least one-third the pot’s depth, which is crucial for successful cultivation.
In spring, place the fertilizer on the pot surface, keeping it away from the sprout. Slow-release fertilizer can be applied twice a year, with several grains per pot, or use fermented farmyard liquid fertilizer. Spray NPK fertilizer on the leaves and pot surface once every 1–2 weeks at a 3–5% concentration. Stop fertilizing at the end of autumn.
Ensure sufficient light: Cymbidium grows naturally in low to high altitudes, thriving in temperatures between 10°C and 25°C. It does not tolerate prolonged cold below 10°C. Large-flowered species can tolerate direct light except in summer, where 30% shading is recommended to promote blooming and prevent sunburn.
Watering and humidity are critical. The orchid needs consistent moisture, especially during growth. Water when the soil dries out, but never let it completely dry. In spring, autumn, and winter, water every 3–4 days, increasing frequency as temperatures rise. In summer, water 2–3 times daily and spray the surface to boost air humidity and prevent yellowing leaves.
Fertilize appropriately: During the growing season, apply diluted chemical or compound fertilizers. Using more bone powder with fermented bean cake fertilizer can enhance flower size. Dilute liquid fertilizer at 1:1000 and apply every 10 days. Fertilize before flowering, but stop during the flowering period and hot summer months.
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