I. Cultivation Season and Variety Selection Most of China's carrot cultivation takes place during the summer and autumn seasons, and timely sowing is essential for achieving high yields and quality. In the northeastern region, planting can typically begin at the end of June and continue through the end of July.
The selection of varieties varies depending on the sowing time. For summer and autumn planting, the following principles should be considered:
　　 1. Choose a variety that has been successfully cultivated in northern regions or widely adapted to local conditions.
　　 2. Select popular and marketable varieties that are easy to sell.
　　 3. Opt for varieties with strong adaptability and moderate growth periods.
　　 4. Choose varieties with good quality, high nutritional value, and suitable for processing.
II. Soil Selection and Fertilization Carrots require well-drained soil with a loose texture. Sandy loam or loam is ideal, as it allows for good root development. It is best to avoid heavy clay soils that may hinder growth. Crop rotation is recommended, such as with onions, cabbages, or other non-root crops.
Ridge cultivation is commonly used. Before planting, the land should be plowed and base fertilizer applied. Typically, 3,000 to 4,000 kilograms of well-rotted organic fertilizer per 666.7 square meters is recommended. Additionally, 1 to 2 kilograms of wood ash or biological potassium fertilizer can be added. It’s also beneficial to mix 30% of the organic fertilizer into the soil. Chicken manure is often used for better nutrient distribution. After fertilizing, deep ridges are created, with ridge widths ranging from 65 to 70 cm.
III. Post-Sowing Management In the north, most carrots are planted using the ridge method. Ridges are usually 20 to 25 cm wide and 2 to 3 cm deep. Seeds are evenly scattered in the furrow, with approximately 300 grams of seeds used per 666.7 square meters. To ensure even distribution, fine sand can be mixed with the seeds. After sowing, the soil should be covered with 1 to 2 cm of soil, followed by pressing and watering. To maintain moisture and prevent excessive heat exposure, straw or wheat stalks can be placed on the ridges after sowing. These materials are gradually removed once the plants emerge.
During the seedling stage, which is long and occurs during hot and rainy weather, weeds grow rapidly. Herbicides can be sprayed after sowing to control weed growth. Using 33% pendimethalin EC at a rate of 150 ml per 666.7 square meters, mixed with 75 kg of water, provides effective results.
Before the seedlings fully establish, two thinning operations are necessary. The first thinning is done when the seedlings have 2 to 3 leaves, removing weak or poorly developed plants and spacing them 3 cm apart. The second thinning occurs when the seedlings have 3 to 4 leaves, spacing them 6 cm apart. Each thinning operation should be accompanied by soil loosening. Weeding is still required after the first thinning, and herbicides can be used similarly to those applied after sowing.
IV. Irrigation and Fertilization Carrots have good drought tolerance and generally require less fertilizer than other crops. However, to produce high-quality and high-yield carrots, proper irrigation and fertilization management is essential.
From sowing until emergence, if there is no rain, continuous watering is needed to keep the soil moist. Once the seedlings are established, water requirements are lower, and overwatering should be avoided to prevent root rot. During the rainy season, excess water should be drained promptly. After planting, one watering is sufficient, followed by soil cultivation. When the fleshy roots begin to expand, this marks the end of the seedling stage. From this point until 15 days before harvest, regular watering is necessary to keep the soil moist and promote fleshy root expansion.
Carrot seedlings require minimal fertilizer, and top-dressing is generally not necessary unless the bottom fertilizer is insufficient. If additional nutrients are needed, decomposed organic fertilizer can be applied after the second thinning. Alternatively, urea can be applied at a rate of 10 kg per 666.7 square meters to support seedling growth. Once the fleshy roots start to swell, the fertilizer requirement increases. Organic fertilizer should be combined with water, and 10 kg of potassium sulfate or 20 kg of compound fertilizer per 666.7 square meters can be applied.
Before the leaves close, a final cultivation is carried out to cover the root heads with fine soil, preventing the roots from being exposed to sunlight, which could cause green heads and reduce quality.
V. Harvesting and Storage From sowing to harvest, the time required varies depending on the variety. Early-maturing varieties take about 80 to 90 days, while late-maturing varieties may take 100 to 140 days. Carrots are typically ready for harvest when the fleshy roots are fully developed and meet market standards. Harvesting too early results in underdeveloped roots, low yield, and poor quality. Delaying harvest can lead to woody roots and reduced quality.
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