The door magnetic system plays a crucial role in modern home security, typically consisting of three main components: the door magnetic switch, the magnetic sensor (detector), and the alarm system. Many access control systems today are built on smart bus platforms, allowing smart home devices to easily connect with video doorbell gateways and management centers. This integration enables functions like guest communication, message alerts, photo capture, and access control, making it a key part of your home’s first line of defense.
These systems can also be paired with smart proximity cards and fingerprint locks, enabling intelligent automation—such as synchronized alarm disarming, lighting activation, or mode switching. This level of integration enhances both convenience and security.
**How Wired Magnetic Sensors Work**
In a smart home access control system, the door magnetic switch is responsible for detecting the door’s magnetic field. When the door is closed, the magnetic field is energized; when open, it is de-energized. The switch is usually installed inside the room, while the magnetic component is mounted on the door and frame. These sensors often come with automatic door closers and are designed to withstand up to 150 kg of force.
Wired door magnets are ideal for embedded installations, especially for wooden or aluminum doors and windows. They send either normally closed or normally open signals depending on the door's status. Their function is similar to that of a bed magnet, where they detect if doors, windows, or drawers have been opened without authorization.
**How Wireless Magnetic Sensors Work**
Wireless door magnets consist of two parts: a wireless transmitter module and a magnetic block. Inside the transmitter, there is a "reed switch" that remains open when the magnet is within 1.5 cm. Once the distance exceeds this, the reed switch closes, triggering an alarm signal. This signal is then sent to the host system, alerting you of any unauthorized access.
In open spaces, wireless signals can travel up to 200 meters, but in typical homes, the range is around 20 meters, depending on the environment. To conserve power, wireless sensors only transmit alarms when the door is opened. They consume just a few microamps when closed and send a 1-second alarm signal upon opening. Afterward, they automatically stop, preventing continuous battery drain.
Most wireless door sensors also include a low-battery indicator. When the voltage drops below 8 volts, an LED lights up, signaling the need to replace the battery immediately. Otherwise, the system may fail to operate correctly.
**Installation and Functionality**
A wireless door sensor is typically installed on the inner side of the door. It includes a small permanent magnet and a larger wireless unit containing a normally open reed switch. When the magnet is close (less than 5 mm), the sensor is in standby mode. If the magnet moves away, the sensor sends a 315 MHz radio signal with its unique address code, allowing the system to identify the specific door being tampered with.
**Real-Life Applications**
Commonly available door magnets are often hidden and wire-free, with one end containing a built-in magnet and the other housing a reed switch. When the magnet approaches, the sensor outputs a closed signal; when it moves away, it outputs an open signal. These are typically placed at the top of the door and the door frame.
Some door magnets are square and used for visible applications, such as on windows or doors. In terms of compatibility, most door magnets on the market output a closed signal when the door is shut (zero resistance) and an open signal when it’s open (infinite resistance). A small number of models work inversely or provide both signals through a third wire.
**Integration with Access Control Systems**
When integrated with access control systems, door magnets allow real-time monitoring of door statuses. They can trigger alarms if a door is forced open without proper authorization. In multi-door systems, unused magnetic inputs can be short-circuited to avoid false alarms.
The IoT smart home system is structured into three layers: the environment perception layer, the network transmission layer, and the application service layer. The door magnetic sensor falls under the environment perception layer, acting as a key element for detecting changes in the home environment.
In summary, door magnetic systems offer a reliable and intelligent way to enhance home security. Whether wired or wireless, these sensors provide real-time feedback, ensuring that any unauthorized entry is quickly detected and addressed. By integrating with smart home technologies, they help protect both your family and property, offering peace of mind in everyday life.
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