According to recent reports by the Physicist Organization Network, Swiss scientists have developed a groundbreaking two-step method to produce a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with a remarkable 15% energy conversion rate—matching the performance of traditional amorphous silicon solar cells. This advancement is not only impressive but also marks a significant milestone in DSSC research. Researchers believe this innovation could usher in a new era for these types of solar cells, with future versions potentially offering stability and efficiency that rival or even surpass current thin-film photovoltaic technologies. The findings were recently published in *Nature*.
Compared to conventional solar cells, DSSCs offer several advantages: they are easier to manufacture, more cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. Additionally, they perform well under cloudy conditions and artificial lighting. However, their energy conversion efficiency has historically lagged behind that of silicon-based cells. The main challenge has been voltage loss during the dye regeneration process, which limits their overall performance.
Now, a team from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) has made a breakthrough. Their new design uses perovskite material (CaTiO₃) as the light-harvesting component and replaces the traditional electrolyte with an organic hole-transport material. During the manufacturing process, the perovskite is directly deposited onto a metal oxide film. However, this approach often leads to instability and reduced efficiency, making it unsuitable for widespread use.
To overcome this issue, the researchers introduced a novel two-step technique. First, they partially deposit the perovskite into the cavities of the metal oxide support. Then, they expose the deposited layer to a solution containing the remaining perovskite. Upon contact, a rapid reaction occurs, resulting in a highly sensitive and well-controlled pigment layer. This method significantly improves the performance of the solar cell.
With this new approach, the conversion efficiency of DSSCs has reached 15%, outperforming standard amorphous silicon cells. Scientists are optimistic that this technology will pave the way for next-generation DSSCs that are more efficient, stable, and commercially viable. (Liu Xia)
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